International Supply Chain Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2466 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Table of Contents Introduction ..1 2.1. Problem statement 1 2 2.2. Recommended Solution/s to Problem 1 2 3.1. Problem statement 2 4 3.2. Recommended Solution/s to Problem 2 4 4.1. Problem statement 3 5 4.2. Recommended Solution/s to Problem 3 .5 5. Conclusion .6 6. Reference list 7 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Supply Chain Management" essay for you Create order Introduction Established in the early 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s as a spice trading company, Shiv Group of Companies (India) has expanded to other business opportunities like auto parts, electronics, finance, pharmaceuticals, tea, etc. It is one of the largest industrial conglomerates in India with about 20 subsidiaries and employing over 37,000 personnel and exporting its products to the US, UK and Germany (Banerjee, Jamal Awasthy, 2005). Piggy-backing on the image of its mother company, Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ operation in the moulded rubber industry should be taken into consideration by top management. Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ operations mostly focused on producing rubber products for the automotive industry. The globalization of the automotive industry resulted to lower costs of production and assembly. For automobile manufacturers to continue business, they looked to suppliers to lower costs but also maintain high quality. In the end, automobile manufacturers relied on component parts suppliers and outsourced some of their non-critical component parts. This led to the rise of the automotive supplier industry in countries worldwide including India (Banerjee et al, 2005). Locally, the Indian auto-industry was also developed through a series of legislations by the Indian government. The entry of Suzuki Motor Corporation into India during the 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to form Maruti Udyog Limited and the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Industry Policy of 1991 liberated regulations for industrial expansion and foreign investment (Banerjee et al, 2005). This liberalization resulted to the transformation of the Indian auto-industry, bringing new technologies and higher standards of quality. The automotive supplier industry, where Shiv Industries operates, is comprised of hundreds of large to medium-scale companies and thousands more of small-scale operations (Banerjee et al, 2005). Consequently, Shiv Industries faced different challenges that it needs to resolve. Its primary focus was the automotive industry but it also has non-automotive products catering to various industries like defence utilities and washing machines. The automotive replacement market is another opportunity that Shiv Industries should look into for potential growth. Thus, the company should also look deeply into their distribution network to expand their business, rather than just depending on the network of its mother company. Shiv Industries should also confront quality issues. As foreign manufacturers have stricter quality standards, they usually favour their own choice of component part suppliers or offered outsourcing contracts to local suppliers who could reach their quality standards. So Shiv Industries must also improve their product design and technology in order to win those outsourcing contracts. Strategic partnerships were also common in the industry to achieve technological advancements. The company was also confused on their pricing strate gies given that they produce a wide variety of products but cannot lower their prices due to high overhead costs. Lowering this overhead costs mean that the company should review its operations by possibly outsourcing low-technology products while improving high- to medium-technology products through tie-ups or joint ventures. Overall, Shiv Industries needs to assess its current position in the automotive parts industry and review possible opportunities outside it and decide whether to move forward by itself or with the help of a foreign company. 2.1. Problem Statement 1 Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ distribution network is not extensive enough to deliver their products to their customers as it only relies on its parent groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s distribution system. As a consequence, it limits the customer reach of Shiv Industries primarily in Central India only that gives a minimal market share. This problem was mainly caused by Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ disadva ntageous location in Raipur, which is a long distance away from the automotive hub of India, Gurgaon City. 2.2. Recommended Solution/s to Problem 1 In every company, distribution network issues is one of the most important that has to be addressed. Initially, Shiv Industiresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ management should know the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s distribution network composition and decide on which distribution strategy to use. By distribution network composition, it meant the overall details of the whole supply chain network; for example, the number of suppliers, location of manufacturing facilities, warehouses, etc. Distribution strategy includes management decision of operations control, delivery system, transportation methods and control, and replenishment strategy (Nair, Raju Anbudayashankar, n.d.). As the company uses its parent groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s distribution network, it seems that the company wants to retain a centralized control of operations. However, it is imperative for Shiv Industries to extend and go outside its parent groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s network in order to gain more market share. The company could operate from two delivery sources; Single-product locations and Distribution centres. According to Hugos (2011), a single-product location is a company factory or warehouse à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“where a single product or a narrow range of related items are available for shipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (p. 92). This means that Shiv should designate and establish a facility that produces products that are predictable and has a high level of demand. It is also advisable for Shiv to use this strategy for large and bulk orders of customers so that the company could reach economies of scale. For example, if there is a high demand for rubber bushes and grommets in Gurgaon City, then Shiv should establish a satellite-manufacturing plant or set up a warehouse there to make sure that customers are sufficiently served. On the other hand, distribution centres were defined by Hugos (2011) as facilities or warehouses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“where bulk shipments of products arrive from single-product locationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (p.93). This strategy could be more efficient and applicable for Shiv Industries because it provides savings in transporting large amounts of a wide range of products to a location that is near to the customers. This is mostly better for companies who manufactures far away from their customers like Shiv Industries. The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s main manufacturing plant is located in Raipur, about 1,000 kilometres away from Gurgaon City that creates a longer delivery time of ordered products. As such, customers who need products quickly and regularly would just end up ordering from Shivà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s competitors who are located in Gurgaon City. Thus, if Shiv Industries would use distribution centres, they could continue manufacturing in their main plant and just send inventory stock of products to its distribution centre in Gurgaon City. However, they should also make sure that sufficient quantities of their products are stored in the distribution centre. To do this, Shiv Industries could employ a distribution requirements planning (DRP) to integrate their inventory information in their distribution centres with the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s manufacturing planning and control (MPC) system in Raipur. In addition to inventory information, demand forecasts and resupply plans could be also linked with the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s manufacturing plans under a DRP System (Jacobs, Berry, Whybark Vollmann, 2011). 3.1. Problem Statement 2 The globalization of the Indian automotive industry increased not only the competition in the market but also the quality standards of automobiles that also affected the automotive parts supplier industry. As such, questions of quality standards should be addressed by Shiv Industries in order for them to get supply contracts from both local and foreign a utomobile manufacturers, as well as other non-automotive customers. This was evidenced by Banerjee et al (2005) that Hyundai Motors Company had uncertainties about Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ability to develop and deliver high end products to meet their existing standardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (p. 45). 3.2. Recommended Solution/s to Problem 2 Given its association with its parent group company, Shiv Industries had a decent number of customers. But the company should not rely on that for long as globalization created a shift of purchasing influence to the customers. Customers require lower costs but high quality, which are both hard to achieve at the same time. However, recent developments in technology are now conceived and could possibly achieve these two business objectives at the same time. Research and development in technology is one thing that Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ should focus on to improve their quality standards. And to do this, it should extensively review its current tie-up with a multi-national company specializing in advanced rubber technology. If current situations require the two companies to elevate their relationship to a joint venture or merger, then it should be considered jointly to benefit both sides. With a joint-venture, Shiv Industries would be able to gain technological advancements to design and produce high quality products for both the local and international markets (Banerjee et al, 2005). In addition to technological advancements, Shiv Industries could also focus on quality control of their products. Juran (as cited in Gardiner, 2010) wrote that quality control proves that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the process can produce the product under operating conditions with minimal inspectionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (p. 247). Three often used approaches for quality control using teams are quality circles, special-purpose teams and self-managed teams. According to Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra (2007), quality circles o r problem-solving teams are comprised of small groups of supervisors and employees who identify, evaluate and solve quality problems. Special-purpose teams are ad-hoc groups that solve issues regarding management, labor or both. Self-managed teams are composed certain employees that work together to create a product or service (Krajewski et al, 2007). Employing quality management software programs under a manufacturing planning and control (MPC) system is another solution that Shiv Industries could implement to make sure that rules and procedural actions for quality control and assurance are followed (Jacobs et al, 2011). Examples of MPC systems can be included in highly advanced Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems that are developed and sold by Baan, SAP and People Soft. These systems would not only solve out quality issues but also provide an enterprise-wide information system issues (Nair et al, n.d.). Additionally, Shiv Industries could also implement what automotiv e manufacturers use for their quality controls to achieve an ISO 9001:2000 standards in the automobile production industry (Goicoechea Fenollera, 2012). One example is the DEMING or PDCA cycle in which four steps are followed to undertake any improvement. The first step is PLAN in which analytical tools are used to know the cause and provide the solutions to solve the issues. Next is DO which puts concrete actions to solve the problems and followed by CHECK which measures the results of the actions. Lastly, ACT is a continuous or cyclical strategy to improve the actions further or extend the solutions to other issues. 4.1. Problem Statement 3 Having a wide range of products, Shiv Industries imposes a premium price on all its products which makes it disadvantageous and uncompetitive to their customers. Their pricing strategy is compounded with high overhead costs due to investments on high- to medium-technology products which also increases the prices of their low-technology p roducts. Thus, this renders them a low market share in both automotive and replacement market industry and a few customers in the non-automotive sectors. 4.2. Recommended Solution/s to Problem 3 To reduce overhead costs, Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ could also strategically outsource some of its manufacturing requirements to other companies. By strategic outsourcing, the company could reduce capital investment by reselling some machinery and equipment to other companies. As low-technology products are easily manufactured and replicated, cost savings could be realized if Shiv Industries would just outsource production of these products from another company as aggregated orders results to economies of scale. Outsourcing the low-technology products could result to lower prices and improved market share (Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky Simchi-Levi, 2003). Strategic outsourcing would also help Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to focus on their core competencies and strengths. With their current tie-up with a multinational company, Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ could concentrate on developing and improving their high- to medium-technology products and possibly outsource production as well. However, the company would also risk of losing competitive and technological knowledge of these high- to medium-technology products if they outsource its production. This is because outsourcing of manufacturing may also prevent the development of innovations and solutions that require cross-functional teamwork (Simchi-Levi et al 2003). Therefore, Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ should retain the development and production of these high- to medium-technology products that would also result to better quality control. Maintaining quality control of these products is important because these are required component parts of automobile manufacturers which have high standards of quality. By doing these, the company would be able to retain their premium pricing strategy due to the speciality and exclusivity of these high- to medium-technology products. Conclusion Every company faces different challenges that it need to understand and resolve. Shiv Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is one example that needs to evaluate its current situation in order to continue or improve its standing in its industry. Limited by its dependence on the distribution network of its parent company, it is not capable of delivering its products to its primary customers especially in the automotive hub of India. To resolve this issue, Shiv Industries should create a distribution centre near Gurgaon City so that automobile manufacturers as well as replacement market customers would be able to regularly buy products from them. Distribution requirements planning system would also help the company to link inventory (including demand and supply) information from the distribution centre to their manufacturing plans in their factory in Raipur. Quality issues in the range of products of Shiv Industries should also be answered by the company. Continuing their tie-up with a glo bal company or even advancing it into a joint venture or merger could bring technological advancements to Shiv Industries. Quality control programs like quality circles, special-purpose teams and self-managed teams would also reduce the quality problems plaguing the company. Quality management software programs could be also included in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s manufacturing planning control systems as well as implementing quality control standards to achieve an ISO 9001:2000 standard in the automobile production industry. Lastly, overhead production costs should be resolved by Shiv Industries by looking at alternative companies to supply them with their low-technology products. However, Shiv Industries should retain the development and production control of their high- to medium-technology products to make sure that these products have high standards of quality. As such, they could possibly continuously offer these high-quality products at a premium price to automotive and non-automotive customers. Reference List Banerjee, A., Jamal, M. Awasthy, D. (2005). Shiv industries: facing the challenge of global competition. Asian Journal of Management Cases. 2(1), 37-67. Gardiner, D. (2010). Operations management for business excellence (2nd ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: Pearson Goicoechea, I. Fenollera, M. (2012). Quality management in the automotive industry. DAAAM international scientific book. Chapter 51, 619-632. Hugos, M. (2011). Essentials of supply chain management (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Jacobs, F., Berry, W., Whybark, D., Vollmann, T. (2011). Manufacturing planning and control for supply chain management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin Krajewski, L., Ritzman, L. Malhotra, M. (2007). Operations management processes and value chains (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Nair, P., Raju, V. Anbudayashankar, S. (n.d.). Overview of information technology tools for supply chain management. Retrieved from https://www.csi-india.org/doc ument_library/Overview on Information Technology Tolls for Supply Chain Management3963.pdf Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P. Simchi-Levi, E. (2003). Designing and managing the supply chain (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin

Impact of Nationalism - 1424 Words

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Hard Times by Dickens, Structu Essay Example For Students

Hard Times by Dickens, Structu Essay Hard Times by Dickens, Structure as it Relates to Plot and CharacterixationCharles Dickens presents in his novel a specific structure to expose the evils and abuses of the Victorian Era. Dickens use of plot and characterization relate directly to the structure on account that it shows his view of the mistreatments and evils of the Victorian Era, along with his effort to expose them through literary methods. A befitting display of structure is evident through his giving name to the three books contained in Hard Times. The titles of the three appropriately named books are an allusion to the Bible. In the first book, titled Sowing, we are introduced to those that Dickens creates a firm character basis with. The opening chapter emphasizes on Thomas Gradgrind Sr., and his students fittingly referred to as little pitchers before him, who were to be filled so full of facts. (Dickens 10). Gradgrinds methods of education are employed to show Dickens view on the evil of the educational system. Among the little pitchers are Bitzter and Sissy Jupe. They exemplify two entirely different ideas, serving Dickens for allegorical purposes. Bitzer, the model student of Gradgrinds school of facts, facts, facts becomes the very symbol of evil in the educational system that Dickens is trying to portray, as he learns to take care for number one, himself. Reflection of this and Bitzers informative definition of a horse, as a child in book one, occurs in book three as he speaks of the necessity of apprehending Tom Gradgrind Jr. Sissy represents what Dickens is attempting to foster a desire for in the reader, imagination. This is an aspect that the other children lack or are reprimanded for possessing. Another character introduced to the reader is Josiah Bounderby, an acknowledged, self-made man. Following him is Louisa Gradgrind, and her brother Thomas Gradgrind Jr. who are first shown trying to catch a glimpse of Slearys circus, only to be caught by there father. Stephen Blackpool is brought into the novel to represent the honesty, virtue, and commitment of the working class. As the seeds are sown in book one the reader becomes aware of the plot unfolding. The use of the characters takes not only an allegorical purpose, but that of relation. The characters are endowed with intricate, human like qualities, so that the reader can better relate. In book two, titled Reaping, Dickens uses the characters to continue to represent the different aspects of the Victorian Era that he mistrusts. This is demonstrated through the apparent discord of the marriage of Louisa and her new husband, Bounderby. Stephen is used to illustrate the frustrations of the working class as they were mistreated by the Utilitarians and the upper class. Tom Gradgrind Jr., the whelp, is shown to feed of the love of his sister, leaving him to become nothing more than a robber and a liar. Thomas Gradgrind Sr. becomes a member of the Parliament to better his social stature. Bounderby continues to grow wealthier in owning a bank that he mistakenly puts under Tom Gradgrind Jr. Mrs. Sparsit now resides over the bank after being relieved of her job. The events taking place in book two are a reaping of the initial seeds sown. Dickens use of structure is preparing the reader for the garnering in book three. Book three, titled Garnering, is where all of the Utilitarian ideas, that Dickens scorns, begin to fall apart and fade away. Thomas Gradgrind Sr. is made aware of his misteachings through Louisas confession as she collapses at her fathers feet declaring, All that I know is, your philosophies and your teaching will not save me,(Dickens 219). Bounderby is brought down through his losing Louisa and the disclosure of Mrs. Pegler by Mrs. .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd , .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd .postImageUrl , .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd , .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd:hover , .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd:visited , .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd:active { border:0!important; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd:active , .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u31815878dc74c188a4a06fd1da25eacd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar Disorder Essay Sparsit. Sissy and Stephen remain to be the moral component of Dickens work. Sissys hold on imagination is proven a necessity of life and is what the products of the utilitarian education seem to lack. Stephens portrayal of a virtuous man of the working class is used to show Dickens idea of a tangible necessity in life. The voice of social conscience Dickens uses throughout his novel is the structure he wanted to provide, and is shown obvious through Dickens use of the plot. The downfall of the educational system in Gradgrind and the exposure of Bounderby displays the utilitarian convictions destructed. Sissys endurance and Stephens death leave them as the heroine and martyr for the novel. It is now evident to the reader that Dickens attempt at exposing the evils of the Victorian Era through the plot, characterization, and structure of Hard Times was successful

Lincolns birthday Essay Example For Students

Lincolns birthday Essay This book is a compilation of letters written to and by the revered president, Abraham Lincoln. This makes it so that the same stories are told from different perspectives. All together this book is filled with historically accurate information. The opening passage is Lincoln’s own Autobiography. I wish I could insert the entire passage. I think the closing paragraph is a wonderful description of the man, both in appearance and in demeanor. â€Å"If any personal description of me is thought desirable, it may be said I am in height six feet four inches, nearly; lean in flesh, weighing, on an average, one hundred and eighty pounds; dark complexion, with coarse black hair and gray eyes – no other marks or brands recollected. â€Å"Yours very truly, A. Lincoln.†On the stormy morning of Sunday, February 12, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, wife of Thomas, gave birth to a boy. He was born on a bed of poles covered with cornhusks. The baby was named Abraham after his grandfather. In 1811 the Lincolns moved to a farm on Knob Creek, what was also near Hodgenville. In 1811 or 1812, Abrahams younger brother, Thomas, died in infancy. Abraham spent a short amount of time in a log schoolhouse. He began to learned reading, writing, and cipherin’ to the rule of three, from a teacher named Zachariah Riney. He attended school with his sister, Sarah. Late in 1816 the Lincoln family moved to southern Indiana and settled near present day Gentry Ville. A cabin was constructed near Little Pigeon Creek. It measured 16 X 18 feet, and it had only one window. Abrahams mother, Nancy, passed away on October 5th, 1818, she died of milk sickness. In 1819, Abraham would barrow books from his neighbors to read. In 1821 Abraham atte nded school taught by James Swaney for about 4 months. In 1824 Abraham also attended school taught by Azel Dorsey. In 1827 Abrahams sister, Sarah died giving birth to her son. In 1831, Lincoln decided to leave his family and go off on his own, but not before spending a year to build his parents a house. In July he moved to New Salem, Illinois, where he boarded at Rutledges tavern and became acquainted with the owners daughter, Ann. New Salem was a frontier village consisting of one long street on a bluff over the Sangamon River. During the Black hawk War Lincoln was elected captain of the volunteer militia. Without any true attempt on his part Lincoln defeated a particularly unpleasant former employer. It was his most pleasurable victory. On August 6th, 1832 Lincoln was defeated while running for the Illinois State Legislature. Lincoln began to operate a general store in New Salem along with William F. Berry. Again, in 1834, Lincoln ran for the Illinois State Legislature, but this time he was elected. During the summer, John T. Stuart advised Lincoln to study law. On December 1 he took his seat in state government in Vandalia. In 1837 Lincoln, 28, was admitted to the Illinois Bar on March 1, and he moved to Springfield on April 15. He became a law partner of John Stuart and lived with Joshua Speed. Lincoln now had income from a law practice as well as a state legislator. November 4,1842 Lincoln married Mary Todd. The first son of the Lincolns, Robert Todd, was born August 1, 1843 at the Globe Tavern. In 1844 Abraham and Mary purchased a home from Dr. Dresser in Springfield for $1,500. It was located at the corner of Eighth and Jackson. The family moved in on May 2nd. In 1849 Lincoln failed in his attempt to be appointed commissioner of the General Land Office, and he returned to a full time law practice in Springfield as his term in the House of Representatives had expired on March 4th. On March 7th he was admitted to practice law before the United States Supreme Court. .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 , .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 .postImageUrl , .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 , .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4:hover , .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4:visited , .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4:active { border:0!important; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4:active , .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4 .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1403265c02cc7b791441539a787306b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Daughters Of The American Revolution Essay ContestLincoln’s son, â€Å"Eddie† died on February 1, 1850. His third son, William Wallace was born on December 21st. The fourth and last son of the Lincolns, Thomas, was born on April 4th, 1853. In 1858 Lincoln was nominated by the Republicans to run for the U.S. Senate against Stephen Douglas. He gave his famous House Divided speech in the Old State Capitol in Springfield. During the summer, Lincoln and Douglas engaged in a series of 7 debates throughout Illinois. On November 2nd Douglas won the election. On May 18th, 1860 Lincoln was nominated for President at the Republican National Convention in Chicago. On Nov ember 6th Lincoln was elected President over 3 opponents (Stephen Douglas, John Breckinridge, and John Bell) winning 39% of the popular vote but nearly 60% of the electoral vote. On January 1st, 1863 the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in the rebelling areas, took effect. On March 3rd Lincoln approved the first draft law in U.S. history. In early July the Union won two major battles at Gettysburg and Vicksburg. In 1864 Lincoln nominated Ulysses S. Grant as the first full lieutenant general since George Washington. Grant assumed his role as General-in-Chief of Union armies. Lincoln received the Republican nomination on June 8th to run for a 2nd term as President. Andrew Johnson was his Vice-presidential running mate. On November 8th he easily defeated Democrat George B. McClellan in the Presidential election. The Lincolns attended the play Our American Cousin at Fords Theater on April 14th, and John Wilkes Booth at shot Lincoln about 10:15 P.M. The President died the next morning at 7:22 A.M. He was 56 years old at the time of his death. Andrew Johnson took the oath of office as the 17th President on April 15th. On April 21st a nine car funer al train that included 300 dignitaries left Washington, DC and began a nearly 1700 mile journey back to Springfield. In the afternoon of May 4th, Lincolns body was buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery. This was one of the first modern-day funeral precessions and is an event that all others like it will be compared to. Lincoln was one of the most revered presidents and people in the history of this country.Bibliography: