Homeland Security Challenges Description

Introduction The issue of insecurity has been a sensitive subject to the US government since the September 11 attacks. In this regard, preventing such detrimental occurrences is vital for the harmonious coexistence of the different individuals in the country and global peace in general.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Homeland Security Challenges Description specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, investigating the underlying issues that trigger acts of terrorism and general insecurity is significant for the management of security and fostering international peace. Additionally, analyzing various mechanisms of the security systems is essential for the development of conclusions that facilitate the understanding of the efforts put by the intelligence agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in dealing security threats (Richelson 2010, 124). For this reason, developing a body of knowl edge is necessary through conducting extensive research on the security issues affecting the US government. This paper will provide a description of how research on security matters affecting the US can be conducted to derive meaningful conclusions. The research approach Selecting an appropriate research method is essential for conducting an adequate research on security matters. This assertion holds because the nature of security issues takes a multidimensional perspective, thus resulting in the need for the analysis of the social, economic, and political aspects of the problem (Patton 2010, 215). In this sense, research design that covers the different dimensions of the US security issues is necessary for the investigation to be meaningful to the parties involved. Therefore, employing qualitative research methods is appropriate for such a research problem. A qualitative research method is an inquiry that analyzes data derived from verbal and behavioral expressions in natural setti ngs (Silverman 2001, 82). Qualitative research enhances the capture of vital information regarding beliefs, feelings, values, and motivations behind certain behaviors that cannot be easily obtained through quantitative methods (Marshall and Rossman 2010, 120). In this respect, the application of qualitative approaches to inquiry in security matters would consider the beliefs, values, feelings, and motivations behind acts of terrorism. Adopting a qualitative approach to investigate the US security issues ensures that the public is in a position to share what is important regarding its security concerns.Advertising Looking for research paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To the researcher, the adoption of qualitative methods implies that the identification of critical variables like religious beliefs, economic conditions, and political leadership is enhanced due to the better understanding of the research problem before its execution (Saller and Mutlu 2012, 210).  Various qualitative approaches are applicable to the security research problem including historical analysis, ethnographic research, phenomenology, ethical inquiry, and case studies. For instance, the ethnographic approach can be used in the research project to investigate a community associated with terrorism by identifying the goals of the inquiry then selecting a site before the establishment of rapport. Observations can then be made whereby field notes are written as data is collected (Packer 2011, 278). However, due to the ineffectiveness of ethnographic and observational techniques in security studies, the LAMP approach would be effective for this case. Reasons for applying qualitative methods in the research project Applying qualitative approaches in the investigation of the US security issues, which have been constantly under the management of agencies such as the DHS, is beneficial in several ways. Qualitative m ethods of research provide an in-depth analysis of the insecurity phenomena that has affected the US and the international community. In this respect, the researcher would be in a position to utilize analytic strategies to get an extensive understanding of the insecurity research problem (Honig 2007, 710).  Practical and invaluable information on security issues can be obtained through qualitative methods of research. This goal can be attained through the application of predictive techniques that enhance the foresight of insecurity events such as the September 11 terrorist attacks. The intentions of the actors and their attitudes towards the detrimental effects of such attacks could be considered to gauge the extent of the implications. Similarly, suspects of terrorism could be investigated and their behavior evaluated to attain invaluable practical information on their beliefs, values, and motivation behind the heinous attacks (Clauser and Goldman 2008, 178). Qualitative research methods are necessary for the identification of the structures existing in various agencies that have a bearing on security issues. Engaging agencies such as the DHS in focus group discussions and interviews would unmask the underlying matters that portray the interdependencies and values that the organization considers as necessary for the enhancement of security in the US. Similarly, engaging in an in-depth analysis of the perceptions and objectives of the major actors would provide dependable data that indicates the interdependence of various structures that facilitate the execution of acts of terrorism (Dolnik 2013, 120).  The application of qualitative methods of inquiry in intelligence issues enhances flexibility.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Homeland Security Challenges Description specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Qualitative approaches ensure that the limitations that exist in security var iables are dealt with in a bid to obtain meaningful data (Schmid 2013, 633). In this respect, the analyst can specify the courses of action and frame the possible scenarios to predict the potential security events in a particular society. Therefore, determining the potential alternate events could enhance the predictive nature of the study on the underlying issues about security in the US. Special Considerations Conducting inquiries on security and intelligence problems requires special considerations for the attainment of a successful research process. Factors like the study base, research timeline, ethical issues, and reliability, and validity need to be considered for the research to be efficient. The study base represents the cohort group that the research will be focusing on (Shepherd 2012, 139). In this case, the source population would be the individuals under the management of the DHS agency, individuals believed to possess reliable information about terrorism activities, hu manitarian organizations, victims of the September 11 attacks, and any other relevant parties. In this regard, the study group for the proposed research project is broad in nature since the effects of the problem transcend the American society. The research timeline employed in the qualitative approaches should be considered. This aspect implies that the qualitative data collection tools need to be framed within a particular span of time that covers the problem extensively (Patton 2014, 523). In a bid to understand the background of intelligence and security matters leading to the September 11 attacks, the qualitative methods would employ a historical approach before applying other methods such as interviews in the research process. Ethical issues would be a matter of special consideration for the research project. An ethical inquiry would be conducted to comprehend ethical issues that surround the US security. Additionally, the research process would consider ethical issues, which are necessary for conducting a morally acceptable qualitative research. This aspect would entail the power relations existing between the researcher and the respondents, privacy and confidentiality, consent, anonymity, and confidentiality (Josselson 2013, 107). In so doing, the research would be in line with the ethical standards, which are critical for researchers in their qualitative research undertakings regarding the intelligence and security aspects of the American society. Limitations of the Research Approach The qualitative approaches would be employed in the study including the use of predictive analysis that employs the Lockwood Analytical Method for Prediction (LAMP) process. Unlike other research methodologies, the LAMP approach is not limited in its approach due to its sophisticated nature and strong affiliation to the intelligence community.Advertising Looking for research paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The approach mitigates the challenge with alternate future concerning exponential explosions.   The approach prevents room for ambiguity in its procedures, thus enhancing certainty. However, the approach cannot quantify the probability of a future occurrence as it can only provide the prediction of the most likely future events. Measurement of variables The nature of the study that would be conducted entails the analysis of the cause, effect, and intervening variables. The research would identify the effects of insecurity in the US and then identify the cause before establishing the relationship between the two aspects that make up the dependent and independent variables respectively. In this case, the intervening variables would define the link between the cause and effect variables. Therefore, measuring the dependent, independent, and intervening variables would be essential for the facilitation of objectivity, reliability, and validity of the research findings. The measurement of variables like individual behavior, attitudes, and security policies would employ the use of measurement scales such as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales (Saller and Mutlu 2012, 178). Collection and assessment of data The data collection and analysis phase in the study is vital for obtaining valid and reliable results that would be used to make conclusions pertaining the intelligence issue in the US. Since the traditional methods of predicting future events concerning intelligence have experienced shortcomings, the use of the LAMP method would be appropriate in this case. The LAMP approach is an innovative method that was created by Dr. Jonathan Lockwood in the 1990s. The methodology is vital in this regard since it incorporates sophisticated planning and analytical procedures that consider empirical data in determining future events in the Intelligence sector (Lockwood 2013, 27). In the case of this study, the LAMP approach would enhance the forecasting of possible th reats that would be faced by the US Intelligence departments in a bid to work towards the curtailment of the problem. Issues like possible terrorist attacks by extremists like the Al Qaeda, cyber-attacks, and nuclear weapons issues would be managed through the collection and analysis of empirical data on security aspects. In this study, the assessment and prediction of future intelligence would not focus on probabilities, but on presumptions that trigger future events. Therefore, the LAMP approach presumes that various parties act based on their rationality. In this sense, the consideration of qualitative techniques in the assessment of human behavior regarding security matters is essential. Additionally, it would be indispensable to understand that the actors have the freedom to choose what is best for their country considering its safety and move towards prosperity. The following twelve steps involved in the LAMP process would be effective in facilitating security and Intelligence issues affecting the US. The first step in the analysis of the qualitative data would be the determination of the predictive issue. Defining the issue is a vital step in the LAMP methodology since it facilitates the consideration of various actors, their courses of action, and implications for the future. Specifying the national actors involved in the US intelligence system would be the next step in the application of the LAMP methodology. In this phase, the researcher determines the national actors that have a bearing on the problem. In this regard, the US and the terrorists’ state agencies would be considered. Limiting the scope is essential in this step, and thus five actors are sufficient. Carrying out a thorough study of the perceptions of the national actors and their intentions constitutes the third step in the LAMP process. The analyst endeavors in historical research at this step to determine the implications of the past for the current and the future (Prunckun 2014 , 67). The fourth step in the LAMP approach is the specification of the possible courses of action for the various actors in the intelligence fraternity. This move enhances the prediction of forthcoming events on security issues concerning the US intelligence case (Beebe and Pherson 2014, 122). The fifth step involves the determination of the scenarios that surround the comparison of the alternate futures. This aspect would facilitate the analysis since it focuses on the determination of assumptions that trigger the activities of the national actors involved (Lockwood 2013, 56).  The sixth step would be calculating the number of alternate futures with respect to the scenarios. The formula for the calculation is â€Å"XY=Z whereby X is the number of courses of action, Y is the number of actors, and Z represents the comparable number of alternate futures† (Lockwood 2013, 58). The seventh step in the LAMP approach is the comparison of alternate futures in a pairwise manner. In this phase, two alternate futures are compared to determine their probability. The eighth step entails ranking the alternate futures depending on the number of votes garnered by each scenario from the lowest to the highest. An analysis of the impacts of each alternate future characterizes the ninth step in the LAMP process whereby the analyst postulates the â€Å"future history†. Subsequently, the tenth step would entail the determination of the current â€Å"focal events†, which are responsible for the occurrence of the alternate future. The last step in the LAMP process entails the development of statements that focus on the potentiality of the transposition of a particular alternate future into another. The possibility of the implications of an alternative future to transpose into another should be considered since it can interfere with the prediction of future security events in the US (Lockwood 2013, 57-65). Conclusion Addressing insecurity issues in the US and t he international community requires in-depth research to address the issue comprehensively. In this case, the research problem takes the qualitative approach that employs the sophisticated analytical method through the LAMP process. Limitations such as subjectivity issues can be dealt with by applying professional skills that uphold objectivity, which is facilitated by the LAMP procedures that would be used in the research methodology. The measurement of variables in this research would emphasize the aspects of reliability and validity in the prediction of the alternate future. The twelve steps involved in the LAMP process are significant for the effective analysis of the problems encountered by the US intelligence, thus enhancing the predictive nature of the study. Therefore, findings from the study on the US security and international intelligence would result in meaningful conclusions. Reference List Beebe, Sarah, and Randolph Pherson. 2014. Cases in Intelligence Analysis; Struct ured Analytic Techniques in Action. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Clauser, Jerome, and Jan Goldman. 2008. An Introduction to Intelligence Research and Analysis. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. Dolnik, Adam. 2013. Conducting terrorism field research: A guide. Oxford: Routledge. Honig, Arthur. 2007. â€Å"A new direction for theory-building in intelligence studies.† International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence 20, no. 4 (August): 699-716. Josselson, Ruthellen. 2013. Interviewing for Qualitative Inquiry: A Relational Approach. New York: The Guilford Press. Lockwood, Jonathan. 2013. The Lockwood Analytical Method for Prediction (LAMP): A Method for Predictive Intelligence Analysis. London: Bloomsbury Academic. Marshall, Catherine, and Gretchen Rossman. 2010. Designing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Packer, Martin. 2011. The Science of Qualitative Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Patton, Michael. 2010. Qualitative Research Evaluatio n Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Patton, Michael. 2014. Qualitative Research Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Prunckun, Hank. 2014. Scientific Methods of Inquiry for Intelligence Analysis Blue Ridge Summit: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Richelson, Jeffrey. 2010. The US Intelligence Community. Boulder: Westview Press. Saller, Mark, and Can Mutlu. 2012. Research Methods in Critical Security Studies: An Introduction. Oxford: Routledge. Schmid, Alex. 2013. The Routledge handbook of terrorism research. Oxford: Routledge. Shepherd, Laura. 2012. Critical Approaches to Security: An Introduction to Theories and Methods. Oxford: Routledge. Silverman, David. 2001. Interpreting qualitative data: methods for analyzing talk, text, and interaction. Thousand Oaks: Sage. This research paper on Homeland Security Challenges Description was written and submitted by user Elsie Chase to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Hunter is a book marked by loss. Discuss. Essays

The Hunter is a book marked by loss. Discuss. Essays The Hunter is a book marked by loss. Discuss. Essay The Hunter is a book marked by loss. Discuss. Essay The Armstrong family is marked by loss. When Jarrah died Bike and Sass became orphans. As a mother Lucy no longer exists in Sass and Bikes lives, she is just a Sleeping Beauty (P 18). Sass was abandoned in hospital, lying down in bed alone, unable to move. Bike is in foster care in some strange place among strangers, schoolyard taunts your mothers in a looney bin. (P 152) Lucy has lost her mind and her life. The great loss that surrounds Jarrahs death has engulfed the entire Armstrong family. Sass and Bike have essentially lost both parents.As for M, he who is anchored by neither wife nor home, nor by a lover nor even a single friend (P 15) M is alone in the world; he has no one. He lost his first and only girlfriend and their unborn baby. It has been a long time since hes seen hes old man and it occurs to M that his parents might be dead (P 16) M is at a loss when it comes to relationships. He lost his chance at being normal when he made the decision to live for the job, to live a s a hunter. M, only when seeing and feeling for the Armstrong family, does he realise just what it is he has missed in life. Once it has a grip on you, absence, it cannot be defeated how can you fight against nothing? (P 133)M has no hope left in the world. Only a child could nurture such hope, such conviction. (P 22) He is skilfully able to focus on the here and now: the hunters greatest weapon: a sense of immediacy, a complete understanding of why space is time. I am here, he thinks, I am right here, right now. (P 117) Despite achieving this level of awareness up on the plateau, back at the house he refuses emotional contact and distrusts women and children. He wishes he was up there now, up where it is calm and pure, space enough for a man to think. (P 139) In his lone M is goes by unaffected by his human condition as other men do. He sees the weakness among man and attempts to eliminate them in order to perfect his mind frame for his mission, to bring him closer to godliness. N ot like others he once knew, soldiers who refused to leave for a job because at the last minute theyd misplaced their lucky spoon, or a memento from a past lover or, worse, a dear departed colleague. (P 25) He did not allow himself to place such feeble hope in hopeless matters. He did not rely on a memento to get him through but instead on his will to do so by perfecting his mind frame. M lost a great part of the human condition by loosing the hope that tomorrow may be the better day.M is a man devoid of ethics and human emotion thus allowing him to bring the thylacine to extinction. M is ruthless he will complete his mission at any cost, virus or antidote, M does not know, cannot know and does not want to know (P 40) He remains unaffected by the potentially devastating effect his mission may have on humanity. The loss of the thylacine not only signifies the loss of the species but the loss of many lives and potential lives. The thylacines extinction is in accord with the fear of th e future extinction of humankind. His buried cache of coffee to celebrate the end of his job is one of his barren attempts to give his life meaning.If a mans life were an island it would be uninhabitable. (P 139) To survive in this wasteland he has learned to slough off unnecessary detritus and so he concludes that his brief period of affection for the family was a monumental lapse of judgement. (P 47) M comforts himself when he loses his tenuous grip on some sort of emotional attachment by believing that it will make him stronger. What he sees now is that he has been tested, steeled, and seduced, and that is his true purpose is to be a hunter, to harvest the tiger. (P 148) Ms protestations are flimsy, though, for he constantly resorts to universal mythical metaphors to explain the uncertainties; to translate the aching emptiness in his heart. His great tragedy in his incapacity to find within himself the necessary words to describe the beautiful terribleness of the deed (P 164), wh en he finally achieves it. This is a dark tale about the need for vigilance; to constantly strive for connectedness in our lives. Maybe M is not the lost soul he appears to be. Maybe there is hope for him yet.

Spencer repeating Rifle Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Spencer repeating Rifle - Term Paper Example Although it had been used earlier, the rifle had only been issued for use in 1863 (Smithsonian Institution). The Spencer rifle can be considered as the main repeating carbine in the Civil War (Hackman â€Å"Common†¦Ã¢â‚¬  par.1). During the said period when rifles and carbines were common, the Spencer repeating rifle can be differentiated through certain features (Smithsonian Institution). One of the most distinct characteristic of the Spencer repeating rifle is the magazine that contains seven metallic rimfire cartridges. These are transferred by a spring in the magazine, which can be found at one end of the rifle, through a compressed spring (Smithsonian Institution). The cartridge is another fundamental identity of the rifle since it had been considered as the â€Å"first self-contained metallic cartridge† with the capability to be used in the military (Hackman â€Å"Common†¦Ã¢â‚¬  par. 4). During the development and introduction of the Spencer repeating rifle, there is a rapid modernization in terms of arms and facilities of war. The Civil War was even referred to as the initial step in the art of modern war. Along with the used of advanced communication techniques such as the telegraph and the rapid development of transportation, carbine and the repeating rifle can be considered as the most important technology in warfare of the era. The development of carbines and repeating rifles answered the need for the strengthening in warfare during the Civil War (Barloon 1131-32; Niepert par.1). The development and continuous enhancement of the carbine and repeating rifle innovation occurred through the Civil War. One of the most notable events in war is the â€Å"rapid firing breech loading carbines† in action. Through the said period of war, the carbines are continuously improved which involved development on different parts such as the cartridge (Niepert par.2). This can be considered as the main identity of the Spencer repeating rifle. The

Organisational Analysis - The impact of leadership styles on Assignment

Organisational Analysis - The impact of leadership styles on organizational effectiveness - Assignment Example Transactional leadership and transformational leadership are closely related units of leadership; however, they are distinct dimensions. Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, had traits that made him an effective leader and he combined transformational and transactional leadership styles, which helped him, turn GE into a success story. Leadership is the ability to impact a group towards the attainment of goals (Kiger 2010, 25). General Electric is a corporation, whose main objective is to generate profits, which will be pleasing to the shareholders (Brady 2010, 26). Jack Welch influenced his team to achieve this goal, which was evident in the increased market share, profits and revenues. In 1981, the company had a market value of 13 billion USD when Welch became the CEO. However, this grew to more than 400 billion USD when Welch retired. Welch possessed some traits that ensured his success as a leader. According to the Trait Theory, there are six traits, which are frequently associated with leadership. These traits are: desire to lead; energy and ambition; integrity and honesty; intelligence; self-confidence and job-relevant knowledge. Welch is a competitor; hence, full of ambitions. These ambitions are translated into ideas, and then decisions, which are eventually, implemented that saw the turnaround of GE. Jack Welch believed in energizing his followers in working hard to increase the performance of the company. Being full of energy, he seldom ran out of the excitated energy that was necessary to push his employees to reach their potential. The self-confidence of Welch enabled him to take risks, which even meant the falling of the company. He restructured the hierarchical systems, regrouping the business units and introducing an informal system of carrying out business in the company. Furthermore, Welch had an extraordinary passion, which he used to motivate and empower his employees to attain the goals of the company (Slater 2004, 19). Bass and Riggio (2006, 10) acknowledge that transformational leadership is made up of four fundamental elements, which they called the â€Å"4 I’s.† A transformatio nal leader has the capability to achieve superior performance through: inspirational motivation; idealized influence; individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation (Judge & Piccolo, 2004, 755). In order to effectively turn around General Electric, transformational leadership had to be an important element in Jack Welch’s leadership style. One of the critical decisions that Welch had to make as the Chief Executive Officer was to create and implement a strategy and a vision, which suited all the businesses in the company. The intention of this decision was to unify all the businesses under a similar and distinct banner (Abetti 2006, 78). Jack Welch developed a three circle model, whose function was to ensure that all the businesses within the company fitted in one of the categories. These categories were: the main business, which the Power Generation production was part of, differentiated by restrained investments and returns was carefully selected; the high-tech bu sinesses, which had a high growth, comprising of Medical Systems or Plastics, more often than not had negative cash flows and demanded heavy investments; services, which incorporated General Electric Capital and other businesses, which were typified by high returns for

Bullying at Work Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Bullying at Work Place - Essay Example promotion) for the bully." (Field, 1999) The employees and the managers undertake bullying in order to hide their inefficiency in managing the inadequacy of the tasks performed by the subordinates and team members. The higher the person bullies the higher the level of inadequacy he shows at his workplace. In today's a management era when the business missions are comprise of short term goals with a short time span to be achieved in, the work pressure, time constraints and the surge to show high level performance leads to more frustration in case of failure to achieve any of the above mentioned factors. The purpose of bullying is to hide inadequacy. Bullying has nothing to do with managing etc; good managers manage, bad managers bully. Management is managing; bullying is not managing. Therefore, anyone who chooses to bully is admitting their inadequacy, and the extent to which a person bullies is a measure of their inadequacy. Bullies project their inadequacy on to others. The global political changes have transformed the simple role of those who are leading. Instead of one workforce, one way of working one culture, one set of best practices, one leader there are now issues of alignment, of accommodation of differences, of management of diversity, and of synchronisation, in order to present a global view to both internal and external circumstances. In addition, there are different sets of expectations to be managed. Leadership is Leadership is an important aspect of managing. (Kotler, 1990) As the part of this paper will show what qualities a leader (man/ woman) should posses in order to lead effectively. Managers must exercise all the function of their role in order to combine human and material resources to achieve objectives. The key to doing this is the existence of a clear role and a degree of discretion or authority to support manager's actions. The essence of leadership is follower ship. (Haller & Til, 1982) In other words, it is the willingness of people to follow that makes a person a leader. Moreover, people tend to follow those whom they see as providing a means of achieving their own desires, wants, and needs. Leadership and motivation are closely interconnected. By understanding motivation, one can appreciate better what people want and why they act as they do. Women leaders may not only respond to subordinates, motivations but also arouse or dampen them by means of the organisational climate they develop. Both these factors are as important to leadership as they are to manager ship. The motivation given by the leadership makes the followers to depict certain behavioural attitudes. These values transformed by the leader in his/ her followers are different in men and women. Valian has presented them as gender schemas. According to Valian (1999) the gender schemas are the stereotypes and bases learned in childhood. The gender schema for men includes "being capable of independent, autonomous actionassertive, instrumental, and task-oriented" (Valian, 1999). For women, the schema is different and includes "being nurturant, expressive, communal, and concerned about others" (Valian, 1999). Both men and women express their personality trials according to the above schema. The organisational trials and values are designed in accordance with the male schema. That's why the

Child Labour in Pakistan

Child Labour in Pakistan WHEN I began this article, my reference points for a critique of globalization were the riots in Se- attle and the World Banks newest World Development Report on Pov- erty. Since then, the world has wit- nessed yet another clash between the forces of labor and those of capital. This article deals with the issue of child labor, particularly the case of Pakistan, but within the framework of a new world order defined by the politics of the WTO(world trade organization). The manner in which the activists-gathered from across the world-were treated by the Czech Republic outdid even the manner in which the Seattle police crushed its local protests. However, ultimately, this article argues that demanding social rights-especially labor rights of any sort-in the current international political economic scenario increas- ingly dominated and defined by the WTO and its constituency is a losing battle and that even if these rights were granted in some limited fashion (for instance, by ensuring that chil- drens rights are implemented vis-a- vis labor, by making industries child- free) it accomplishes no more than papering the cracks being pro- duced by a system premised on the existence and perpetuation of inequalities-an intensified and increasingly global capitalism. The World Banks 1997 World Development Report sustains the myth of globalization as the new development strategy-the path to economic well-being. The most recent World Development Report, on the other hand, is forced to deal with the issue of increasing and intensifying poverty across the world. However, in their infinite wisdom, World Bank economists insist that the answer to this is more, not less, globalization or, at the very least, globalisation with a human face. Once upon a time when moore was a young man, the word interna- tionalism was a noble word .. . but now the idea of internationalism has become something to be feared or at- tacked (WTO 1999). Well, Mr. Moore, we can easily explain that: in your youth, internationalism was a word that connoted the solidarity of work- ing people across the world, whereas what we are now faced with is the in- ternationalization of capital. The standoffs and organized boy- cotts and protests, whether in Prague or Seattle or in the form of strikes against liberalization and privatiza- tion across the world, and their after- math expose globalizations reality not as ultimately empowering-or at the least benign-but as a con- sciously institutionalized political project backed by the military and police forces of the advanced indus- trialized North/West. As a political project, then, it can only be countered through political engagement and di- rect political action and not, as has been proposed, through the addition of social clauses within the WTOs mandate itself. This is a contradic- tion in terms because of what the WTO is and the interests it is there to protect and promote. What has emerged systematically from such contemporary and previ- ous critiques of the mainstream development project represented by the World Bank, and the crisis in development inaugurated by the structural adjustment policies of the IMF and World Bank in the late 1970s, is the stark reality that both absolute and relative poverty as well as inequality. Mike Moore of the WTO did his bit for damage control in the wake of the Seattle protests by telling trade union workers that as far as he was concerned there simply was not any contradiction between trade and labor (WTO 1999). Open economies, imperfect as they are have delivered more jobs, opportunities and security to more people than alternatives. Here the veiled reference is clearly to the centrally planned economies because we are immediately informed that countries that have embraced openness and freedom have increased the real incomes of their workers, which in turn has raised labour standards and reduced poverty. Countries that remain closed, remain poorer, underdevel- oped, cut off from the world of rights and freedoms. This is, of course, patently false. The greatest tragedy of the 1990s has been the massive decline of welfare in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, many of which have experienced increases in mortality, illiteracy, crime, malnutrition, and gende r inequality (see, for example, Palast 2000). What has changed from those early days is that, as far as the capi- talists are concerned, the world is their oyster. Samir Amin (1997) has pointed out that one of the major ef- fects of the globalization of the world economy has been to extend the re- serve army of unemployed persons across the world. And just as the re- serve army of the unemployed within a national economy gave the capital- ist the leverage he needed, vis-A-vis labor, to depress wages, so is the case today for multinational firms in an increasingly globalized world econ- omy. Chossudovsky (1997) -has called this the globalization of poverty. Hence the need for more and better marketing of the free-trade system highlighting its multiple benefits for society at large and for workers in particular. This is, after all, what is called a hard sell. The internationalism and solidar- ity that trade unionists have stood for is suddenly presented as having been in the service of nothing but universal freedom, an essentially lib- eral creed! What Moore is doing, and not coincidentally, is nothing short of conflating internationalism with globalization. The sleight of hand is so seamless, it leaves one breathless. Next, consider the presentation of the trade policy for the year 2000 by the finance minister of Pakistan, in which he declaims, The minister declared that he was confident that the Pakistani nation could rise to the occasion, but note under what conditions he considers this possible: We can do it if every Pakistani-the worker, the farmer, the producer, the exporter, the civil servant, the house wife-everyone- is committed to the cause of exports, but we can not hope to make a break through in exports unless we make our agriculture an industry more ef- ficient; more competitive. A commit- ment to exports becomes the sine qua non of the national interest, and all class and gender distinctions are flattened in its face. It should be noted that this informalization of labor makes unionizing impossible under Paki- stans labor laws. The report also cites 4000 industrial mills as being sick, of which 152 were in the textile sector-one of Pakistans export- oriented sectors. Out of a total of 442 spinning units with over 1 million spindles, 90 were shut down. And that all occurred in one year alone The issue of child labor and the efficacy of ILO conventions must be seen in this context. Recently, the ILO passed its Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour, Con- vention No. 182. Pakistan has yet to ratify it, although nongovernmental childrens rights organizations and movements against bonded labor have been exerting pressure on the government for years. Pakistans minister for manpower (and, signifi- cantly, industries, among other port- folios), Umar Asgher Khan, disclosed early in the year that Pakistan was seriously considering its ratification. Yet Pakistans child labor force is estimated at around 30 mil- lion in the 5-18 age group or 20 mil- lion in the 5-15 age group (Human Rights Commission of Pakistan 1998, 226), most of it in the urban informal and agricultural sectors, However, even those forms of child labor that are covered by these constitutional provisions are not curbed, due to the lack of political will on the part of state elites Neoliberalism has exposed the seams within the historic compro- mise between capital and labor, and with it the ideological and political basis of the ILO. The contradictions inherent in trying to accommodate the needs and rights of workers and the poor in a socioeconomic system based on the accumulation and real- ization of profit and surplus value have now become painfully exposed. The civil-military bureaucracy and the landed elites have benefited under every regime in Pakistani history, with a few shifts in the balance of power between them but no serious threat to their overall status. This has resulted, among other things, in the continuation and intensification of existing feudal structures; there have never been more than cosmetic land reforms under any regime, ensuring that the feudal power structure remains undisturbed. This has severe impli- cations for the incidence and forms of child labor and labor practices in gen- eral. Moreover, labor laws have been draconian, even under the populist socialist government ofZulfiqar Ali Bhutto. It is only recently that NGOs and movements such as the BLLF and the Bhatta Mazdoor Mahaz have been able to pressure the govern- ment to pass a law such as the Bonded Labor (Abolition) Act. Although we cannot look upon this as an absolute victory-laws are, after all, only as good as their implement- ers, and the implementer s are still feudal/tribal elites-this act has enabled thousands of bonded labor- ers to be freed by lawyers working with the BLLF. All these explanations for the exis- tence of child labor have important implications because they form the basis of particular policies designed to address this issue. Thus if child labor is caused by poverty, then we must have poverty alleviation pro- grams and development (once again understood as economic growth). If child labor is part of a vicious cycle that is caused by lack of education or primary schooling, then we must ensure that children go to school. And there are several initiatives, both local/domestic and interna- tional (and usually a combination of the two), specifically geared to address this lack. The real issue is, of course, that child labor is a function of poverty but that poverty is not just an unfortunate feature of life in Pakistan. Poverty is structurally created, maintained, and now under the pro- cess of intensifying. The structural reasons are both domestic and inter- national and, under the current international political regime, are unlikely to be reversed without political intervention. The ILO is an existing institution with a history of work on behalf of labor, but activists, intellec- tuals, and critical development experts need to think seriously about either turning it into a more powerful organization or designing and estab- lishing a new institution that can work as a watchdog on behalf the worlds exploited workers.

Basketballs Greatest Coaches Essay -- Sports, History

Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world and the second most popular in the United States and unlike other popular American sports it’s the only one that originated in the U.S(The basketball man, 2006).The game of basketball has evolved tremendously since its creation in 1891 by James Naismith. Naismith was a physical education teacher at the School for Christian Workers, now Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was approached by the head of the department one day in early December to invent a game that will keep the athletes busy and entertained during the winter months. The winters were fierce and long in Springfield and most of the school’s sports were played outside so in order for the athletes to stay in shape year round a new recreation would have to be incorporated during between winter and spring. Naismith divided his class of 18 in half and introduced them to this new game.At first Naismith was a little apprehensive about is id ea, telling himself, â€Å"When I had decided how I would start the game, I felt that I would have little trouble. I knew that there would be questions to be met; but I had the fundamental principles of a game, and I was more than willing to try to meet these problems, I continued with my day's work, and it was late in the evening before I again had a chance to think of my new scheme†(Naismith, 1941). The first basketball game used a soccer ball and two peach baskets, neither of which had holes in their bottoms. There were no backboards, no ten-second line, three-second violation, frontcourt or backcourt, and no boundary lines. Plus, there were no free throws; if a team committed three fouls in a row, the other team got a point(The basketball man, 2006). At first baske... ...isterous attitude and aggressive coaching style. Robert Montgomery Knight also known as Bob Knight and nicknamed â€Å"The General† was the first of his kind. Born Oct. 25, 1940, in Massillon, Ohio, Knight grew up Orrville, where he played basketball, football and baseball for the Orrville Red Riders. Later he went to Ohio State University and played basketball. Only having started two games his whole playing career Knight was a bench player but won sixth man of the year on the 1960 championship squad. After graduating with degrees in history and government, Knight enlisted in the U.S. Army and accepted an assistant coaching position and became head coach in only two years. In his six seasons at West Point, Knight won 102 games and lost only 50. One of his players was Mike Krzyzewski, legendary coach of the Duke Blue Devils (Alford & Garrity, 1989).

Aim in Life Essay

Most people in the world have some ambitions in life. A petty merchant has an ambition to become a big business man, a clerk to be a high officer, a student to be a doctor or engineer. Some desire for wealth, some desire for fame and reputation. A proper aim in life keeps a person shining and glowing in his future life. My aim in life is neither to collect money this or by that way nor for fame. It is my desire to become a well qualified doctor or a scientist. I do not just wish to be an ordinary doctor who spends his times in his laboratory trying to find out new drugs and medicines to remove the suffering of millions of people. The world remembers with thankfulness the name of the man who gave to the world vaccination. The world will remember forever the man who gave us penicillin. As a doctor it is my real wish to server the badly suffering humanity too. Our country is still under development and it has become necessary for all of us, especially for doctors to acheive sound progress in the field of new drugs and medicines, And for the prosperity and solidarity of pakistan we should work hard with spiritual zeal and zeast. I have an ambition to do something in this world so great as the doctors and the courages founders did in the past. I would like to give the world some new drugs and injections that will cure some of the many disease that people are still suffering from. In my opinion, wealth, fame and any other kind of materialistic gain are hollow and baseless if earned through unfair means. In my ambition, it is great wish to help the suffering people. For lawful earnings it will be my foremost dut to server the humanity, by going to the rural areas of this under developed country in order to help the poor and humble people for their happiness and entire satisfaction.

Sin and Punishment in Relation to Satan and Human Being Essays

Sin and Punishment in Relation to Satan and Human Being Essays Sin and Punishment in Relation to Satan and Human Being Essay Sin and Punishment in Relation to Satan and Human Being Essay Man is generally known in both psychological and theoretical aspect is imperfect due to his innate nature. This idea is mainly attributed to the fact that it is stated in the Bible that humanity themselves became imperfect though they are created to be the other way. This is actually because of the event of when the first man and woman committed the first and one of the most unforgivable sins in the whole theoretical history of man. This is the first defiance of the man to God’s will and command in direct association with the two thus together with the fall of the first man and woman is the fall of the whole humanity following them in imperfection. From birth, man has already unconsciously committed sin through inheritance and this sin thus, originally he is already made imperfect. Also from this state, man’s continuous pursuit in life is deeply embedded with many pitfalls and downfalls that from it man, through lack of faith and with imperfect discretion, is bounded to fall one way or another thus resulting him to committing sins. For human philosophy and even with the expression from the bible’s historical events, sin or fault is naturally with direct connotation to the idea of punishment. This punishment principle is like a bargaining deal that states that whatever is loss through fault is punishable with compensatory damages to the one committed it (Newbolt, 2005). Thus, because of humanity’s imperfection, they are more likely to commit sin and be punish for it because of which, they strongly needs divine guidance in their course for purification and atonement for their aim of salvation. Sin and Punishment min Relation to Satan It is embedded in the historical facts of the Bible that the first downfall of humanity through the state of imperfection is through the direct defiance of the first man and woman to the direct command of God. This action resulted to their punishment of stripping off their perfected state and letting them endure the hardship of life for survival and the atonement of their sin. However, in one aspect, this defiance that is explicitly stated in this paper can also be attributed to another intervention causing the enactment of the said serious sin. This is the temptation done by the devil generally called Satan in most religious principles. Satan, is originally and contextual mean accuser, slanderer, liar and an adversary of the truth and all the good things in life (Pagels, 1989; Wikipedia, 2006). His aims and purpose is to cause humanity to commit sin and recruit them to his falsehood together with his condemnation. His main existence is to test the faith of humanity to God and their endurance to stay in the path of righteousness by creating pitfalls for them to stumble on. However, Satan is known to be purposely created by God to be his servant and one of his main servants. According to the Bible, Satan at first was created to be an angel with perfect and beautiful form to aid His biddings and His divine plan for the world and the humanity. However though, Satan the angel has fallen because of his own sin and started the rebellion for him to gain divined powers and superiority because of his aims to be the Supreme Being (Pagels, 1989). Thus, because of his own sin he was punished with condemnation that is equally commensurable to the crime and wickedness he committed in the first place giving him the title of the devil and an enemy of the truth. Just like what he did in his rebellion in heaven, which is his recruitment of allies to his own downfall, he is still doing the same though with different purpose and different targets. Satan the devil’s presence is with the humanity leading them to the same path, which is in just like what he did with t he first man and woman. He is continuously urging humanity to commit sin and punishable errors against God and His righteous Laws and setting up traps and pitfalls for them to prevent them from purifying themselves and atoning for their sins both that of they inherited and committed in their personal lives. Conclusion From the previously stated argument, it is explicitly expressed that the sin and downfall of humanity in imperfection can be directly attributed to the intervention of Satan the Devil himself by shifting to different forms. In addition, since it is explicitly stated in the bible that Satan the Devil himself is residing in the world together with the humanity, his threats and the dangers he post is very evident with humanity’s sin as also attributed by their imperfect discourse. Thus, Satan the Devil can be argue to have a direct connection with humanity as they are residing in the same place because of which, he can directly affect their minds and hearts and lure them to sinful lives and condemnation. Since humanity has already been made imperfect, their defense against Satan the Devil’s lure and threats became apparently weak and they can be easily persuaded to commit sin. However, their faith to God and their adherence to the principles explicitly stated and deeply embedded in the Bible, they can strengthen this defense and resist against Satan’s influences thus achieving forgiveness for their sins and be purified to perfection once again. Bibliography Linthicum, Robert C. City of God, City of Satan. Zondervan. ISBN: 0310531411. April, 1991. Newbolt, W. C. E. The Phenomena of the Punishment of Sin and of Redemption. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN: 1425476627.   December, 2005. Pagels, Elaine. Adam, Eve, and the Serpent. Vintage; Vintage Books Edition. ISBN: 0679722327. September, 1989. Wikipedia. Satan. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. November, 2006. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satan. November 18, 2006.

Ecstasy research paper essays

Ecstasy research paper essays Your skin is tingling, raised flesh rejoicing in the warm, kind caresses of everyone around you. As music booms and lights flash you feel an overwhelming sense of well being. You feel intimately connected to everyone around you, and your inhibitions float away on clouds of physical bliss. Thats what many people say they feel like when they are on the drug, ecstasy. An impromptu study conducted in ISU classrooms and on the quad showed that out of 153 students questioned voluntarily, 20 reported trying ecstasy, 17 of whom tried it in the last year. Many people have heard of the drug, but very few know what it really is. Ecstasys real name is MDMA, which stands for methylenedioxy-n-methylamphetamine (Keane, 1996). It is a "designer drug," which means a man made drug designed to replicate the effects of natural drugs. It is primarily a seritonergic drug or also referred to as a "brain drug." It was prescribed up to 1984 until the Drug Enforcement Administration listed ecstasy as a Schedule One controlled substance, which includes drugs like heroin, LSD, and cocaine. It was taken off the market because experiments showed that ecstasy destroys brain cells. Some ecstasy pills are actually sold containing cocaine and heroin. Some physical effects of ecstasy include dryness of mouth, jaw clenching, teeth grinding, nystagmus (eye wiggles), sweating, or nausea (Maker, 1999). If one overdoses on ecstasy the heart-pounds at a dangerous rate. It also causes sweating, restlessness, dizziness, and the immune system is burning all its capabilities to fight off the drug, and the body would be on the verge of a panic attack. One psychological effect of ecstasy is entactogenisis (touching within). It is a feeling that makes one happy or at peace. It also makes everyday things abnormally beautiful or interesting. The second psychological effect is empathogenisis. This is why ecstasy is sometimes referred t ...

Argumentative and Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argumentative and Assignment - Essay Example One of these alternatives of giving remedies to diseases and ailment is referred to as homeopathy. In homeopathy, the proponents propose that when highly diluted form of infection substances are injected into the body of an ailing person with the same disease; he/she is able to realize normalcy since the highly diluted form of the antigens injected in the body will eradicate the ailment. This proposal has elicited serious rejection form different quarters with the proponents and the opponents maintaining equal position with reference to the effectiveness of homeopathy. Thesis Statement Having conceptualize the information surrounding homeopathy and how it gives remedies to diseases and ailment, I have not found any scientific backing as to whether the proposed form of rendering remedy can indeed work as stated. I therefore hold a contrary opinion about the process, believe that the process is short of basic science, and cannot be relied upon in giving medication in the contemporary m edication arena. In the Article titled ‘Evidence and Simplicity. Why we should Reject Homeopathy’ by Scott Sehon and Donald Stanley, there is a logical criticism on the functionality of homeopathy as a form of medication. In the criticism of the way homeopathy works, the article sought to address two fundamental questions about the remedy; is there a plausible explanatory theory about homeopathy that will make it appreciable by the opponent and if that is the case. Can we fully rely on homeopathy as a way of giving remedies given it usefulness as proposed by the proponent and is there sound and empirical evidence that the effectiveness of homeopathy is real (Sehon and Stanley, 4). The tow questions that were sought in the articles drew party answers from the proponents leaving a row of speculation on the efficacy of their proposed method of remedies. The proponents of this method of medication themselves accept that they don’t understand the science behind it and all they know is that it works miraculously, this response is irresponsible in the science domain. In science, cogent evidence, clarity, examples, and inferences are important facets of convincing eager audience about a proposal. Without scientific backing, such proposals are at best considered bad jokes. According to science, for anything to be considered able to give remedy, it must consider to explain the chemistry art of the medication and how it interacts with the body physiology. These important facts are ignored by homeopathy making its belief significantly impossible. The only defense the proponents of homeopathy are putting forth is that the medication needs not to march the western medication. The reason as to why I find the functionality of homeopathy patchy is the principle known in the medicinal field. Small microorganisms called antigens are responsible for the occurrence of diseases. The diseases are caused by the antigens, which are specific, and exhibit similar cli nical symptoms from one person to another. The antigens are different and can only be cleared by the different drugs or prevented by vaccines. In homeopathy, this is not the case; the same antigens responsible for the occurrence of a disease are also responsible for the remedies upon dilution. This argument have no scientific reasoning and that explains why it has been disregarded by most scientist as

Nigeria issue report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nigeria issue report - Research Paper Example existing there. The majority however, remains Muslims in the north and Christians in the south. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, Nigeria built its forts in the areas of economics through regional and international trade, and on agrarian bases. However, the major part of her trade was in slaves. In the 1700s, Nigeria was ridden with the slave trade. Slaves from there were taken to Britain for trade. â€Å"Between 1798 and 1847, 4,300,000 slaves were taken from West Africa of which, the English were chiefly responsible† (African Affairs). This trade slave gave Nigeria revenue which they badly needed then. However, it was the British who abolished cross-border trade in slaves in 1807 that this trade took a hit in Africa, and subsequently, in Nigeria. Nonetheless, slave trade was still an integral part of Nigerian economy, according to Heaton and Falola, in their book, ‘A History of Nigeria’. The Nigerian region was vastly dependent on this slave trade for their economic wealth and political stability, as the leaders used the trade of slaves to promote their campaigns† (Falola). After Great Britain’s fight against human trade, Nigeria shifted to trading products such as spices, palm oil, etc. However, slavery was not wiped out as soon as the 1807 act was passed. The British gained power over the Subcontinent through the East India Company. The same tactic was adopted in Nigeria, where the Royal Niger Company was under the command of the British Government. â€Å"While its existence was of a short period, it played a pivotal role in helping the British take control of Nigeria† (Falola). According to Heaton’s and Falola’s research, Nigeria became part of the British Empire in 1901. The British ruled over Nigeria with their motto the same as in all the other countries that were colonized by them; divide and conquer. Nigeria was ruled as two separate regions, Northern and Southern