Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Assignment - 3

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies - Assignment Example According to the research findings there are a number of marketing and branding strategies followed by Tesco. The retail giant provides various schemes to customers with the motive of improving the quality of customer service. The schemes such as, First Class Service Initiative and Loyalty Card, place greater emphasis on the customer delight compared to customer services. These are the finest customer retention strategies utilized by the company. Giving personalized services in a cost effective manner is the key motive of Tesco in order to attract more consumers. Besides that, Tesco has launched a number of magazines to draw the customers’ attention towards the products offered. The magazines published had a unique combination of advertisements and articles related to the offerings. These also served as a means of distributing the promotional coupons.As the paper discusses  the corporate level strategy that is implemented by the Tesco management involves diversification, exp ansion, own brand food promotion, regular technological up-gradation, healthy supplier relation and stakeholder satisfaction.  Tesco has invested in a number of existing stores so as to render those more competitive and modify them as per the customers’ changing expectations. The United Kingdom (UK) based company wants to further expand the business and product lines so as to retain the competitive edge.  Tesco boasts of the guaranteed low prices for quality offerings made to all consumers.

Pepsi branding and marketing strategies defined in history Essay Example for Free

Pepsi branding and marketing strategies defined in history Essay In 1893 Caleb Bradham experimented on several soft drink concoctions from his drug store at North Carolina. In 1898 the brand name was first introduced as Brad’s drink but later renamed to Pepsi Cola (Ads history 2007) after the pepsin and cola nuts used in the recipe. Pepsi was first introduced as a fountain drink. It was about 750 microns wide 6 ounces straight sided bottle with paper labels glued to them and a non-descript crown on top. Price was reported to be costing for only a nickel. Advertisement before was done in signage and if you can read the arrow’s text it says: â€Å"look for the trademark† while the bottom label reads, â€Å"healthful and refreshing† (Davidson FSU 2004). In 1903 Caleb sold about 7,968 gallons using the line â€Å"exhilarating invigorating, aids digestion†. This also started his franchising activity to independent investors to about 24 states. In 1905 the logo was first changed then changed again in 1906. The slogan was also changed to the â€Å"original pure food drink† which gives a boost to sales of 38,605 gallons. In 1908 the company was the first to shift from horse drawn carts to motor vehicles mode of delivery. In 1909 Barney Oldfield endorsed Pepsi as â€Å"a bully drink†¦ refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before the race.† In 1920 the theme was changed to â€Å"drink Pepsi cola, it will satisfy you†. In 1934 Pepsi cola replaced the 6 ounce bottle to 12 ounce bottle at the same price which is still a nickel. The shift was brought about by the high depression which demands for low cost products but high value. The 12 ounce bottle previously priced at ten cents was slashed to five cents which made a hit because it was of same value as the competitive colas of 6 ounce bottles. It was then known as the Pepsi legacy followed by skyrocketed sales giving the company a real good break. In 1939 they pioneered the idea of a comic strip form of advertising in the newspapers introduced and named as Pepsi Pete promoting the product as â€Å"twice as much for a nickel† which deliberately increased consumer awareness in the process. Pepsi cola was remarkably associated nationwide with two policemen that were patterned after the Keystone Kops and became extremely popular. In 1940 their nationwide advertising campaign theme was changed to: â€Å"Pepsi cola hits the spot, 12 full ounces, that’s a lot twice as much for a nickel too! Pepsi cola is the drink for you.† At the same time, they launched the first jingle in the cola world known as â€Å"Nickel, nickel†. The jingle was recorded in fifty five different languages and produced over one million records played coast to coast on radio. It was well adapted by the consumers and those who have heard the jingle. Their jingles appropriately played to the perception and emotional-psychological responses of the consumers for even fifty years later some still remembered. The logo was also changed to a simpler bolder rounded script letters that is really noticeable. Pepsi cola bottles adapted the embossed 12 ounce bottle designed and had the word Pepsi blown and baked into the side of the bottle while the paper labels were replaced as blown labels also. Pepsi cola began to tap the African American niche market and commenced advertising in a Negro newspaper lead by an all black sales team. They also sponsored a nationwide essay contest hiring African Americans professionals in the process. An advertisement specifically aimed for African Americans was modeled by a black mother holding a six packed Pepsi while the son was reaching out to the bottles. In 1941, the crown was changed to red, white, and blue. This was done to support America’s war effort. They wisely set up a Pepsi canteen in Times Square New York. It served to help families’ record messages for overseas armed service personnel. In 1943 the theme twice as much included â€Å"bigger drink, better taste†. In 1947 one of their ad campaigns profiled prominent African Americans using the title â€Å"Leaders in their field†. Using racism as a selling point, their sales shot up dramatically. In 1949 the theme â€Å"why take less when Pepsi’s best† was added. In 1950 the new logo incorporated the bottle cap look. Advertising was done by promoting Pepsi as an experience rather than a bargain. Slogan was changed to â€Å"more bounce to the ounce†. They relied and invested more with advertising that tripled their sales that year. The jingle was then changed to â€Å"have a Pepsi, the light refreshment†. In 1953 Americans became conscious with weight and health that they changed their slogan to â€Å"the light refreshment†. The formula was also changed with a reduced caloric content. In 1954 the slogan â€Å"refreshing without filling† was incorporated to the light refreshment theme. In 1958 Pepsi was known as the kitchen cola as a result of its bargain branch longtime positioning. This time Pepsi targeted the young fashionable consumers. The slogan was changed to â€Å"be sociable, have a Pepsi†. The bottle was then changed to the swirl designed bottle replacing the old straight sided one. Along with it was the introduction of the ballroom dancing. In 1960 the slogan was changed to â€Å"now it’s Pepsi for those who think young†. It defines youth as a psychological state of mind it maintains its appeal for the post war young generation and to all market segments. Some commercials portrayed people going fishing. In 1962 the logo was changed again with serrated bottle caps along with its Pepsi generation ads. In 1963 12 ounce bottles gave way to16 ounce bottles. Pepsi then introduced the 12 ounce Pepsi cans to the military for transport convenience. Their advertising history’s slogan was introduced as â€Å"come alive, you’re in the Pepsi generation† along with their jingle â€Å"come alive† also. Commercials usually portrayed sports and entertainment concept like motorbikes, amusement park and sand sailing. In 1970 Pepsi introduced the first two liter bottles. They were also the first to respond to consumer’s need for light weight recyclable plastic bottles. In 1973 Pepsi changed its logo again. The slogan was also changed to â€Å"join the Pepsi people, feeling free† which is their very own interpretation of one people but with many personalities. In 1975 Pepsi introduced the Pepsi challenge marketing campaign where the results of the blind tasting test between Pepsi cola and its rival Coca cola was made public through television commercials. Participants picked Pepsi as the cola that taste better. As a result Coca cola changed their formula to taste more like Pepsi. The slogan jingle was then â€Å"you’ve got a lot to live, Pepsi got a lot to give†. On that year   the two liter plastishield bottle was introduced. The theme is to promote to live and to give. In 1978 the 12 packed can were introduced to the market. In 1991 Pepsi introduced the first polyethylene terephthalate (PET) along with the changed of its new logo. In 1993 the slogan was changed to â€Å"be young, have fun† modeled by Shaquille O’Neal. In 2001 Britney Spears run her first Pepsi commercial doing her own version of â€Å"The joy of Pepsi†. In 2003 Pepsi cola has a new theme: â€Å"Pepsi it’s the cola.† It portrays popularity in the cola industry that goes from food to fun. Evaluation For decades Pepsi has defined itself as the slogan wizard that can closely associate with the times and changing lifestyle of the consumers. It has first introduced itself as a health drink which was the very reason why it has garnered a big portion of the cola market pie. As it continued to evolve in the market, it has studied its market well, and has well developed themes and slogans or activities that will create consumer awareness. Marketing strategy has always been the challenge of any external environment and how you select your target market, know the needs of your market and penetrate by spending more on advertisements to create consumer awareness. And how Pepsi has penetrated consumers like the Blacks was by spending on advertisements promoting racism to equality and in return enjoyed skyrocketed sales. Tactics will always change along with the evolution of logos, bottle designs, storyboard and jingles. Jingles and music have a very strong psychological effect on the minds of the consumers. It will always be remembered even if fifty years later. Jingles tune and lyrics stays more in the minds of the consumers longer than plain ads signage, commercials, and slogans. As we have noted Pepsi has been very sensitive with what is happening to its world politically and with the needs of its consumers as portrayed by their continuous changed of slogans and jingles. Pepsi has always been portrayed to be part of the life of their target markets. It was never separated in commercials as plain features of the product but rather as something that consumers can greatly identify with themselves. Marketing was a silent warfare among leading competitors. What Pepsi did was to concentrate on specific untapped niche markets and evolved its theme to be able to maintain consumer database. Pepsi had always been keen to combine on product, price, market, and promotion sometimes as far as demographics and selection which always resulted to a captivated market. Pepsi realized that it should focus and play on product innovation and advertising first to promote the brand and not the reverse. Their strong image was the result of directed marketing mix variables. The slogans were always guided by the concept of people and health as it was presented as a health drink in the first stages of its life. When Pepsi developed its campaign Pepsi generation portraying the product as a trendy drink for the young, it has made other cola products looked stodgy. Branding may offer instant product recognition or sort of identification but it was, for always, a result of effective advertising. Pepsi had successfully made the consumers identified themselves with the product by its series of jingles and slogans with just one unchanged brand name but packed with a lot of commercials and ads networking. One thing for sure Pepsi was able to determine its market changing lifestyle, need, and taste and that the product needs to evolve along with the consumer’s trend. So advertising could well focus on the dominating activity of target market in the life cycle of the product. Perception and emotional responses of the consumers were of very important consideration on Pepsi’s approach in the process of creating consumer’s sense of identification with the product. The main thing that Pepsi had done is to link the product with the consumer and not the consumer linking self with the product. As a result they had a handful of loyal customer base. Summary of Pepsi ads and logos Year 1898: Introduction of Pepsi. Packaging: 750 microns wide, 6 ounces straight sided bottle, paper labels glued to them, non-descript crown on top Cost: nickel Theme: Look for the trademark, healthful and refreshing. Branding: Introduced first as Brad’s drink but was later changed to Pepsi cola. Logo: Thin brand name Pepsi cola. Packaging: 6 pack bottle as shown below. Advertising: form of signage, please see image below: Delivery: horse driven cart Year 1903: start of franchising. Theme: Exhilarating, invigorating, aids digestion. Sales: 7,968 gallons Logo: still the same. Year 1905: Logo was first changed. The point is to make the letters bolder from the old thin ones. This is easier to read even at a distance. Delivery: automobile delivery Year 1909: Barney Oldfield Endorsement: Barney oldfield, a racer, endorsed Pepsi. Theme: A bully drink†¦ refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before the race. Advertisements: newspaper ads Year 1920: Theme Theme: Drink Pepsi cola, it will satisfy you Year 1934: Pepsi legacy. Price of product: changed from ten cents to five cents. Packaging: 12 full ounce bottles. Sales: skyrocketed. Year 1939: comic strip Comic strip: Pepsi Pete Advertising: newspapers Effect of advertising: Pepsi cola was associated with the characters. Theme: Twice as much for a nickel Signage: Target market: Advertising targeting African Americans: Year 1940: Jingle break Theme: â€Å"Pepsi-Cola hits the spot Twelve full ounces, that’s a lot Twice as much for a nickel, too Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you.† Jingle: Nickel, nickel Logo: Packaging: bottles are 12 full ounce with embossed Pepsi word and label. Sponsored: Nationwide essay writing using Blacks Year 1941: American war support Crown: changed to red, white, and blue Make: Year 1943: Theme Theme: Bigger drink, better taste Year 1947: Blacks in ads Theme: Leaders in their field Year 1949: Theme Theme: Why take less when Pepsi’s best Year 1950: bottle cap Slogan: More bounce to the ounce (energetic decade) Logo: bottle cap with desc logo Jingle: have a Pepsi, the light refreshment Year 1953: Theme Slogan: The light refreshment Reason: to answer the weight conscious Americans Year 1954: Theme Slogan added: Refreshing without filling Year 1958: Target Target market: young and fashionable Slogan: Be sociable, have a Pepsi Bottle: swirl design Trend: ballroom dancing Year 1960: slogan Slogan: Now it’s Pepsi for those who think young Reason: Be young think young Commercials: soda fountain, fishing Year 1962: logo Logo: logo was changed Caps: serrated bottle caps Year 1963: bottles volume Bottles: shifted from 12 ounce to 16 ounce then to 12 ounce cans Jingle: Come alive Slogan: Come alive, you’re in the Pepsi generation. Reason: Identifies with the consumers and not by the products attributes Commercials: motorbikes, amusement park, sand sailing Year 1970: bottles Bottles: two liters Year 1973: logo Logo was changed Slogan: Join the Pepsi people, feeling free Reason: One people, many personalities Year 1975: Pepsi challenge Commercials: results of the Pepsi challenge was made public in TV Jingle: You’ve got to live Pepsi got a lot to give Bottle: introduction of two liter plastishield bottles Year 1978: Packaging: introduced the 12 packed cans Year 1991: Packaging: PET Logo: changed Year 1993: theme Slogan: Be young have fun Year 2001: theme Slogan: The joy of Pepsi References Ads history highlights (2007). Retrieved November 8, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Website: http://www.pepsi.com/help/faqs/faq.php?category=ads_and_history page=highlights Davidson, M. W. FSU (2004). The Pepsi generation. Retrieved November 8, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Website: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/creatures/pages/pepsi.html

Essay --

At the age of two years old, Hannah Warren has been through multiple medical treatments. Hannah was born without a windpipe and currently has a new one developed from her own stem cells. Hannah is known as the youngest individual in the entire world to have this particular stem cell treatment. From birth, Hannah could not eat or drink, breathe, or swallow anything due to being born without a windpipe. Hannah has spent her whole life in the hospital. Various physicians informed Hannah’s parents that there was little hope for her to live. Hannah’s parents heard of Doctor Paolo Macchiarini and his work with stem cell developed tracheas. Yet, due to Macchiarini’s institution being located in Stockholm, Sweden; they could not afford to go. The Children’s Clinic prearranged for Doctor Macchiarini to travel to Peoria, Illinois to make the stem cell operation. The stem cells used in this process were from Hannah’s bone marrow. In less than a week, plent y of cells reproduced to create a new windpipe. Throughout the nine-hour procedure, Dr. Macchiarini successfully inserted a three-inch pi...

Education system exists mainly

Using material from item A and elsewhere, asses the view that the education system exists mainly to select and prepare young people for their future work roles BY ant-Kuz Using material from item A and elsewhere, asses the view that the education system exists mainly to select and prepare young people for their future work roles One way to select and prepare young people for their future work roles is by selecting and allocating pupils of education a role in society, as is mentioned in item A: â€Å"it also selects and allocates them to their future work roles† which means social nequality is legitimised because of the hierarchy of society – someone has to be on top and someone has to be bottom, as is streaming encouraged in the same manner. This idea is said to be stemmed from having a meritocratic society where everyone has an equality of opportunity presented to them in education and then later on, the workplace. This is how education serves its purpose to select you ng people for their future work roles.Another way that young people are prepared and selected for their future work roles is by education giving them the â€Å"specialised knowledge and kills they will need when they Join the workforce†, as mentioned in item A. This is done by providing a trained and qualified workforce in education by the introduction of vocational courses like modern apprenticeships which combine training and part- time attendance at college, meaning that they learn on a Job as well as learning in an education environment. New Right are the sociologists which focused a lot on marketization of education which focused on encouraging competition between schools so that education would improve, providing a better work force for society and in turn, better preparing young people for their future work roles.However, one of the key functions of education is social solidarity which means individual members of society must feel like they are part of a single communi ty of people; Durkheim argues that without it social life and cooperation would not be possible as everyone would want to achieve their own selfish desires. He argues that this is taught when we learn about History and Citizenship, which give us the idea of a shared community; also it does this by passing on society's culture and continues the value consensus, which is an agreement among society members on what values are important. School acts as a ‘society in miniature' as it prepares its pupils for life in a wider society, which requires social solidarity, as we have to cooperate with people who aren't family or friends, Just like in the workplace. We have to act accordingly to a set of impersonal rules that apply to all.In item A, it is mentioned that â€Å"the family cannot equip individuals with everything they need to become fully functioning members of a large-scale society' and as family is only the start of social solidarity, the feeling of belonging in a family gro up, education is needed to push that in a ider scale (as a typical nuclear family will not be bigger than 6 or so people). This is one key tunction ot education, and it exists to encourage social solidarity as well as other factors. Marxists would argue that education has different roles in society; Althusser said that there are two ways in which the bourgeoisie keep their power, one of which is the ideological state apparatus. ISAs are the way that the bourgeoisie control people's ideas, values and beliefs, and include religion, mass media and the education system. He argues that the education system is an important ISA because t reproduces class inequality by passing it on generation to generation, therefore failing to overthrow the bourgeoisie consistently.Another reason why it's important is that it legitimises class inequality by producing ideologies that cover the true effect by making workers accept that inequality is inevitable and that they earned their place in society, th erefore if they accept these ideas, they are less likely to challenge capitalism and how it's run. This is one way that Marxists argue that young pupils get allocated roles for their future work roles, and education is there for them to accept heir role and not argue against it. Another Marxist view on education is the myth of meritocracy which is the legitimation of class inequality, which is what a capitalist society is based on so there is always a risk that those at the bottom will feel their inequality is undeserved and unfair and therefore will rebel against it.Bowles and Gintis argue that education is the reason that this does not happen, as it legitimising class inequality by producing ideologies that Justify why this inequality is fair and inevitable. Bowles and Gintis describe education ‘as a giant myth-making machine' ike the myth of meritocracy, which means that it is untrue that everyone has an equal opportunity to achieve, that rewards are based on effort and so on. A reason for achieving high income is argued to be determined more from your family and class background rather than ability or educational achievement. This serves the higher classes as it makes it appear that they gained their roles in the workforce by an equal opportunity but in reality, that is not the case, they use this to trick working class pupils to accept inequality.This means that the education system exists not nly to allocate and train young people for their future work roles but also to accept the roles they are given and for the bourgeoisie to keep their power. In conclusion, the education system exists to provide all kinds of functions to society, as well as allocation roles for young people that they will continue to have in the workforce; they are also trained for that role so they have the skills necessary to do the Job. Also, according to Marxists, education also introduces certain values and beliefs into young peoples' minds so that they accept the inequalit y that happens in a capitalist society as an everyday inevitability.

Interventions in order to increase the National Achievement Test of 4th Year Students of Malabon National High School Essay

The primordial purpose of this study is to provide the students with a complete and balanced education and to develop their performance in National Achievement Test (Nat) . Thus, the results of this study will benefit the students, the teachers and the school administrators. This study is significant because it will provide the indispensable facts for the students of Malabon National High School who were taking the National Achievment Test (NAT). including the faculty and school administrators as a result in a pervasive exposure of the aforementioned subjects. This study will serve as the basis for future plans of action by the school administrators with regard to the necessary actions for the school and for the students who were taking or will take the National Achievement Test (Nat). Among the persons who will be directly or indirectly involved are the following: This study will not only benefit the school administrators but also the entire student body as it will create a milieu of awareness about the Interventions in order to increase the National Achievement Test (NAT). The teacher and students of the Malabon National High School including the out-of-school youth will have a better understanding of the limitation; Importance of the National Achievement Test will enable them to know the area of difficulty and strength thereby guiding them in reconstructing their programs to suit their needs. Furthermore, this study will serve as a theoretical model for future studies of the same nature if ever the existing problem has penetrated in this case will exist in the future. Future researchers will benefit from this study, and it will provide them the facts needed to compare their study during their respective time and usability.

Korpus Linguistik Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Korpus Linguistik Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Korpus Linguistik Rosemary | 25 Mei 2014 [pic] 1.0 Pengenalan Apakah itu korpus linguistik? Corpus linguistik adalah satu kajian bahasa dan kaedah analisis linguistik yang menggunakan koleksi teks asli atau "sebenar perkataan" yang dikenali sebagai corpus. Corpus linguistik digunakan untuk menganalisis dan penyelidikan beberapa soalan linguistik dan menawarkan wawasan yang unik ke dalam dinamik bahasa yang telah menjadikan ia salah satu daripada metodologi linguistik yang paling banyak digunakan. Sejak corpus linguistik melibatkan penggunaan korpora besar yang terdiri daripada berjuta-juta atau kadangkala bilion kata-kata, ia banyak bergantung kepada penggunaan komputer untuk menentukan apa kaedah-kaedah mengawal bahasa dan apa patters (tatabahasa atau leksikal misalnya) berlaku. Oleh itu, ia tidak menghairankan bahawa linguistik korpus muncul dalam bentuk moden hanya selepas revolusi komputer pada 1980-an. The Brown Corpus, corpus moden dan boleh dibaca secara elektronik yang pertama, bagaimanapun, telah dicipta oleh Henry Kucera dan W. Nelson Francis seawal tahun 1960-an. 2.0 Kaedah korpus lingustik Corpus Linguistik telah menjana beberapa kaedah penyelidikan, cuba untuk mengesan laluan dari data teori. Wallis dan Nelson (2001) mula diperkenalkan apa yang mereka dipanggil perspektif 3A: Anotasi, Pengekstrakan dan Analisis. . Anotasi terdiri daripada permohonan skim untuk teks. . Pengekstrakan terdiri daripada terjemahan (pemetaan) istilah di dalam skim ini kepada terma dalam model didorong secara teori atau dataset. Pengekstrakan biasanya termasuk ahli bahasa-diarahkan carian tetapi mungkin termasuk contohnya, memerintah-pembelajaran untuk parsers. . Analisis terdiri daripada statistik menyelesaikan sesuatu, memanipulasi dan generalising dari dataset itu. Analisis mungkin termasuk penilaian statistik, pengoptimuman peraturan asas atau kaedah penemuan pengetahuan. Kebanyakan korpora leksikal hari ini adalah sebahagian-of-ucapan-tagged (POS-tagged). Walau bagaimanapun juga ahli bahasa corpus yang bekerja dengan 'teks biasa unannotated' tidak dapat tidak memohon kaedah untuk mengasingkan beberapa terma-terma penting. Dalam situasi ini anotasi dan abstraksi digabungkan dalam carian leksikal. Kelebihan menerbitkan corpus beranotasi ialah pengguna lain boleh melakukan uji kaji ke atas korpus. Ahli bahasa dengan kepentingan-kepentingan lain dan perspektif berbeza daripada ciptaan asal boleh mengeksploitasi kerja ini. Dengan berkongsi data, ahli bahasa corpus dapat merawat korpus sebagai lokus perdebatan linguistik, dan bukannya sebagai satu bentuk huruf lengkap pengetahuan. 3.0 Kelebihan korpus linguistik . Memberi akses kepada maklumat linguistik naturalistik. Seperti yang dinyatakan sebelum ini, korpora terdiri daripada "perkataan yang benar" teks yang kebanyakannya hasil daripada situasi kehidupan sebenar.Ini menjadikan korpora sumber kajian yang berharga untuk Dialektologi, sosiolinguistik dan gaya bahasa. . Memudahkan penyelidikan linguistik. Korpora boleh dibaca secara elektronik telah dikurangkan secara mendadak masa yang diperlukan untuk mencari perkataan atau frasa tertentu. Satu penyelidikan yang akan mengambil hari atau tahun untuk disiapkan secara manual boleh dilakukan dalam masa beberapa saat dengan tahap tertinggi ketepatan. . Membolehkan kajian pola yang lebih luas dan penempatan bersama kata- kata.Sebelum kemunculan komputer, linguistik korpus belajar hanya kata- kata tunggal dan kekerapan mereka. Teknologi moden dibenarkan kajian patters lebih luas dan penempatan bersama kata-kata. . Membolehkan analisis pelbagai parameter pada masa yang sama. Pelbagai program perisian linguistik korpus, pemasaran online dan alat-alat analitikal membenarkan penyelidik untuk menganalisis bilangan yang lebih besar daripada parameter serentak. Selain itu, banyak korpora diperkaya dengan pelbagai maklumat linguistik seperti anotasi. . Memudahkan kajian bahasa kedua. Kajian bahasa kedua dengan penggunaan bahasa semula jadi membolehkan pelajar untuk mendapatkan "perasaan" lebih baik untuk bahasa dan belajar bahasa seperti ia digunakan dalam sebenar dan bukannya "mencipta" situasi. 4.0 Kelemahan korpus lingustik . Tidak menjelaskan mengapa. Kajian korpora memberitahu kita apa dan bagaimana berlaku tetapi ia tidak memberitahu kami mengapa kekerapan perkataan tertentu telah meningkat dari masa ke masa misalnya. . Tidak mewakili keseluruhan bahasa. Korpus linguistik mengkaji bahasa dengan menggunakan korpora dipilih secara rawak atau sistematik. Mereka biasanya terdiri daripada sebilangan besar yang berlaku secara semulajadi teks, bagaimanapun, ia tidak mewakili keseluruhan bahasa. Analisis linguistik yang menggunakan kaedah dan alat linguistik korpus itu tidak mewakili keseluruhan bahasa. Deny Arnos Kwary dan Linguistik Korpus 02 March 2016 Dosen merupakan seseorang yang memiliki posisi terpenting dalam kelangsungan sistem pendidikan di setiap universitas seluruh dunia. Dosen akan selalu diharapkan agar dapat memberikan sebuah perkembangan besar dan signifikan dalam dunia akademik itu sendiri. Seakan membuktikan pernyataan tersebut, tahun ini salah seorang dosen sekaligus kepala Departemen Sastra Inggris Universitas Airlangga, Bapak Deny Arnos Kwary, tengah mengumumkan rencana penelitian besarnya yang harapannya akan menciptakan sebuah perkembangan besar dalam bidang yang beliau geluti, yaitu linguistik korpus. Penelitian tersebut berjudul Formulasi Klasifikasi Kosakata, Jenis Pemarkah Waktu, dan Bentuk Kalimat di Artikel Ilmiah Jurnal Internasional. Penelitian ini mendapatkan dana hibah dari Universitas Airlangga sebagai bentuk usaha universitas untuk meningkatkan publikasi ilmiah bagi tenaga-tenaga akademiknya. Dosen di Indonesia terus didorong untuk menggiatkan publikasi di tataran internasional. Akan tetapi, seringkali dosen kesulitan dalam mengumpulkan hasil penelitiannya ke jurnal-jurnal kelas

New Microsoft Word Document Essay

New Microsoft Word Document Essay New Microsoft Word Document Essay Noora Al-Ogaili Prof. Jamal Abedin English 81 Cuyamaca college Ipad Essay Ever thought it was impossible to carry textbooks, notebooks, iPod, agenda, calendar, alarms, camera, and more in just one object? Well guess what? It is possible! Using the iPad 3 you can carry all these things in just one object. It is lightweight and has up to 64 gigabytes of storage. You can download many apps to make the most of your iPad. You can even use the iPad to carry all your textbooks. The iPad is perfect for a college student, because that’s why the iPad was created. The iPad was created to be light and portable for students and business people of all ages. These days technology has become very important in our life. And with the emergence of two biggest and famous companies such as Apple and Samsung, the people can not live without their products such as iPhones, iPads and iPods because it has many good education programs. In my view, iPad is better because it is easier to use than text books and worksheets and more evolved. Weighing only 1.44 pounds and only .37 inches thin, the iPad is designed brilliantly for mobility especially going from class to class or when going to the library. The screen gives a display with over 3 million pixels, making every picture look ten times better. The iPad also has a camera that takes amazing pictures for when you need to take pictures of notes on the board or when you just want to have fun. The iPad comes in both black and white, two very sleek and modern colors. The iPad is also wifi enabled and can be hooked up with a cellular service to get wifi wherever you go. It also has up to 64 Gigabytes of storage! That’s a lot of space. The iPad can also get up to 10 hours of surfing the web, watching video, or listening to music. The iPad as physically ideal with its lightness, appeal, technology and more. You can take the iPad everywhere and use it for anything and everything. There are over 275,000 apps available for the iPad. Using apps you can edit pictures, edit movies, read a novel, write a novel, and much more. There are also apps you can use to write papers, make cool power points, and make spreadsheets. The app iBooks can be used to turn your iPad into your personal library with over 1.5 million books. Also, there is the iTunes U app which has complete courses from universities. Don’t forget the find my iPhone app which can locate any apple device just using your apple device because, face it, things can get misplaced. There is literally an app for everything

Find out What Mathematical Economics Is

Find out What Mathematical Economics Is Much of the study of economics requires an understanding of mathematical and statistical methods, so what exactly is mathematical economics? Mathematical economics is best defined as a sub-field of economics that examines the mathematical aspects of economics and economic theories. Or put into other words, mathematics such as calculus, matrix algebra, and differential equations are applied to illustrate economic theories and analyze economic hypotheses. Proponents of mathematical economics claim that the primary advantage of this particular approach is that it permits the formation of theoretical economic relationships through generalizations with simplicity. Mind you, the simplicity of this approach to the study of economics is certainly subjective. These proponents are likely to be skilled in complex mathematics. An understanding of mathematical economics is particularly important for students considering the pursuit of a graduate degree in economics as advanced economics studies make great use of formal mathematical reasoning and models. Mathematical Economics vs. Econometrics As most economics student will attest to, modern economic research certainly doesnt shy away from mathematical modeling, but its application of the math differs within the various subfields. Fields like econometrics seek  to analyze real-world economic scenarios and activity through statistical methods. Mathematical economics, on the other hand, could be considered econometrics theoretical  counterpart. Mathematical economics allows economists to formulate testable hypotheses on a wide array of complicated subjects and topics. It also permits economists to explain observable phenomena in quantifiable terms and provide the basis for further interpretation or the provision of possible solutions.  But these mathematical methods that economists use are not limited to mathematical economics. In fact, many are often utilized in the studies of other sciences as well. The Math in Mathematical Economics These mathematical methods generally reach far beyond typical high school algebra and geometry and are not limited to one mathematical discipline. The importance of these advanced mathematical methods is captured perfectly in the mathematics section of books to study before going to graduate school in economics: Having a good understanding of mathematics is crucial to success in economics. Most undergraduate students, particularly those coming from North America, are often shocked by how mathematical graduate programs in economics are. The math goes beyond basic algebra and calculus, as it tends to be more proofs, such as Let (x_n) be a Cauchy sequence. Show that if (X_n) has a convergent subsequence then the sequence is itself convergent. Economics uses tools from essentially every branch of mathematics. For instance, a  great deal of pure mathematics, such as real analysis, appears in microeconomic theory. Numerical method  approaches from applied mathematics are also used a great deal in most subfields of economics. Partial differential equations, which are normally associated with physics, show up in all kinds of economics applications, most notably finance and asset pricing. For better or for worse, economics has become an incredibly technical topic of study.

Management class-Trader Joe's case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management class-Trader Joe's case - Essay Example At the same time he asks his employees to interact with customers to collect their feedback on the products. Trader Joe has been able to satisfy both his employees and customers at the same time. Joe ensures that those who work for him are well paid and satisfied. The benefits for employees include medical, dental and vision insurance, company paid retirement, paid vacation and a 10% employee discount. 2. The management operations include various strategic phases such as planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. The effective coordination of these correlated activities is a basic factor which determines the level outcomes of business performance. Planning is one of the very important managerial strategies. The focus should be on satisfying the taste of customers for choosing the natural ingredients, inspiring flavors, and minimizing the costs by purchasing directly from producers. A well effective organization of the trade is also very important. Trader Joe’s considers it important to sell the quality products at low prices and limit the stock as too many options may confuse the customers. Joe allows employees to play vital role in determining the overall success. Joe has very good conviction regarding the production processes. He believes that production should not be in extra large quantities but to satisfy the customers.

The History of Religion and Religious Conflict Essay

The History of Religion and Religious Conflict - Essay Example In this light, religion can have many positive influences, it can uplift the soul, spur on artistic production, and cause people to lead more driven, purposeful lives. On the other hand, however, religion has also shown that it can be a destructive force on many different occasions. In his work, â€Å"The Art of Happiness,† the Dali Lama makes many claims about religion, but seems to fundamentally believe that religion has always been a positive influence on the world, saying, for instance, that â€Å"all world religions have, of course, provided tremendous benefit for millions of human beings throughout many centuries past† (Dali Lama, 296). When considering this claim, it is easy to oscillate drastically to one side or other of this argument. Someone seeking to defend religion would point at the acts of Mother Theresa, to the charity of religious organizations, and to the benefits that organized religion can give to people personally, such as peace and comfort. Detrac tors from religion, however, can point to the attacks of Sept. 11, or the Crusades, and decry religion as a destructive force that causes hatred and violence throughout world history. Neither of these answers are fully correct, however. Rather, religion often does not make a significant amount of difference in and of itself. Religious actions, either positive or negative, are often results of complex societal interactions rather than religious fervor: so the Dali Lama is incorrect, as I believe that religion has not been a consistently positive nor negative influence on the progress of world history. One of the first things that must be understood in this discussion is the relationship between religion and spirituality. Though these are very closely linked ideas, â€Å"the Dali Lama distinguishes between spirituality and religion† (294). This is because spirituality and religion happen on very differ planes – spirituality is a personal, though often sometimes communal thing, that has to do fundamentally with belief in the underlying structures of the world, and one’s place within them. Religion, though resting on spirituality, is a very different thing. It is a structured organization that codifies beliefs and practices, almost like creating rules and laws for spirituality. This difference is important because many of the impulses often attributed to religion may in fact be spiritual. Altruism, for instance, is often one of the things most lauded about religious people and institutions. But there are obviously many people who are altruistic without being religious – they do good out of a fundamental belief that it is good to do so, which is much more akin to spirituality than religion, while there are also certainly religious people and institutions that are far from being altruistic. So when analyzing the impact that religion has had on the world, one must isolate the religious side – the order and structure of beliefs and a ctions, from the spiritual side. Upon parsing the actions of a religion or religious institution from the actions based on spirituality, one might be immediately drawn to condemning religion whole-heartedly. Religions and their institutions have been guilty of many grave sins that immediately spring to mind. Current, organized Islamic leaders have called for terrorist attacks and Martyrdom, and the Westboro Baptist Church’s â€Å"God Hates Fags† campaign has disgusted people worldwide, many churches in the United States were associated with hate crimes against blacks during and before the civil rights

HR strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HR strategy - Essay Example The unreliable market experienced during the case would have been as a result of poor production which is also a consequence of lack of proper management by the group managers and corresponding supervisors within the packaging department (Armstrong, 2008, p. 13). Some of the consequences of poor management experienced in the case study include but not limited to reduction in sales which negatively impacted on the company creating a perception that the company is losing consumer interest in the global market (Heneman and Judith, 2006, p. 16). In order for the company to go through such situations, there must have been issues that compromise the quality and reliability of the company in carrying out the designated product packaging work in line with the company objectives, missions and visions for the near future which is aimed at not less than creating large economies of scale within the global context (Sparrow, 2009, p. 71). ii. How will these changes impact on the Sonoco Strategy? C onsidering then situations that were experienced within the past decades, it would be wise to utilize the scenarios to determine the current requirements that would enable the company achieve to the required quality and quality so that the company becomes /retains the lead and preference in the packaging sector within the global market (Sparrow, 2009, p. 73). However, it is adept to include both the management and employees in a common strategic plan so that all the required issues are addressed from within a common centre that is able to communicate with the other branches so that the company achieves a common goal in their quest to raise the company to higher and better business class at both levels (Dr. Kilia, 2005, p. 75, & Warne, 2005, p. 84). Through inclusion of the entire stakeholders in the decision making process especially the employees; it is likely that the company would gain from the strategy as the employees would recognize that their concern is necessary in the compa ny’s strategic plan (Schein, 1968, p. 28, & Stewart, 1991, p. 61). This would in itself act as a morale booster hence high output would be achieved from the employees at drastically low production cost. A reduction in production expense with increased productivity is a sign of profit to the company (Purcell and wright, 2007, p. 22, &Ehnert, 2009, p.105). 2. The Cindy Hartley’s objectives for change at Sonoco As the vice president of the Sonoco Company, Cindy Hartley came up with strategies to control fixed costs and reduce expenditure which worked well at some time but later experienced a lot of challenges due to then variation in the value of US dollar and other economic factors like decline in trade with Asia due to financial crisis. However, Cindy perceived a lot more productive measures after a hint from the new CEO, DeLoach’s (Revans, 1982, p. 42, & Temple, 2001, p. 38). Despite the short stay at the company, five years was enough for Cindy Hartley to come up with new policies to positively impact on management and performance to enhance development. However, a lot of emphasis was made on compensation and succession plans so that the

Outsourcing And Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Outsourcing And Supply Chain Management - Essay Example India is one of the world’s top destinations for outsourced work. Companies along with manufacturing parts they also outsourced their services. Functions like customer service are often outsourced to call centers outside the United States. One of primary advantages of outsourcing is that it enables companies to reduce costs. One of the disadvantages of outsourcing work is that the company loses the ability to control its quality. Another advantage of outsourcing is that it creates flexibility for an enterprise. The cost savings achieve through outsourcing can be a critical success factor that keeps a particular company in business. In the auto industry companies often outsourced the production of auto parts. My sister was a victim of outsourcing because her company shut down operations in America to move to Asia. Answers.com (2011). Outsourcing. Retrieved February 13, 2011 from http://www.answers.com/topic/outsourcing 2. The supply chain management of an organization is a very important factor that can make or break a company. Supply chain management is the combination of art and science that goes into improving the way your company finds the raw components it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers (Wailgum, 2008). A company that in the 1990’s was able to separate itself from the competition due to its unique supply chain management techniques was Dell Corporation. Dell revolutionized the computer industry by becoming the first virtual computer company. The firm saved a lot of money in inventory costs by delivering turn-key computer products to its customers. A few years ago I worked for a company that changed its suppliers three times during a year due to the fact that none of the companies supplied raw materials would provide an adequate level of service. Wailgum, T. (2008). Supply Chain Management Definition and Solution. Retrieved February 13, 2011 from http://www.cio.com/article/40940/Supply_Chain_Management_Definition _and_Solutions 3. Outsourcing has gotten a bad reputation from many Americans who viewed outsourcing as an evil business strategy that is hurting the US economy by taking jobs oversee. The reality is that outsourcing is saving more jobs than what is taking away. If American companies did not utilize outsourcing on many occasions these firms would not be able to compete. Outsourcing provides companies with much needed savings. The savings achieved through outsourcing enables companies in America to keep their prices competitive. 4. Outsourcing has become a very popular concept that is gaining popularity across America. In 2010 the television broadcasting network NBC developed a parody series called Outsourcing. The series is a comedy that illustrates how American companies are moving their service operations to India in order to reduce costs. In the series only the manager is American, while the rest of the staff is composed of India workers. When I watched this series I sometimes as k myself how spread is the outsourcing movement in America. In the series the workers are highly competent salespeople that get the job done. 5. In a way outsourcing affects most businesses in America directly or indirectly. You mentioned that in your dentistry practice the business is affected by outsourcing from the material acquisition perspective. Many companies nowadays choose to buy parts and raw materials from China and India due to their lower costs. Purchasing materials from these countries enables American companies to be able to keep their prices low. Businesses are not the only ones looking for a bargain these days. The internet has allowed people to compare prices and find the lowest possible price on their purchases. 6. Your response was very insightful

UCC and UCITA models acts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UCC and UCITA models acts - Essay Example Ogden where Chief Justice Marshall interpreted the Power of Congress to regulate commerce and in the same breadth prohibited states from interfering with the flow of goods and services across state boundaries by passing laws (Find Law n.d.). Chief Justice Marshall indicated that the clause was not limited to interstate commerce but also intrastate commerce. Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) refers to contracts for sale of goods (Cornell University Law School). The article is limited in scope and does no cover computer information and internet contracting. It governs transactions in tangible goods and does not cover intangible items. Article 2 of the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) was specifically created to deal with the deficiencies in the UCC. Article 2 of UCITA relates to intangible items such as licenses. According to UCITA Online (n.d) the Act states clearly that contracts relating to computer information are licenses and therefore involves a set of legal considerations that are not applicable to sale of tangible items. The UCITA therefore established a clear set of rules relating to software licensing, online access and other transaction in computer information where none existed before UCITA Online (n.d.). Computer software though purchased with a computer has limitations and guidelines on how they are used.

Outsourcing And Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Outsourcing And Supply Chain Management - Essay Example India is one of the world’s top destinations for outsourced work. Companies along with manufacturing parts they also outsourced their services. Functions like customer service are often outsourced to call centers outside the United States. One of primary advantages of outsourcing is that it enables companies to reduce costs. One of the disadvantages of outsourcing work is that the company loses the ability to control its quality. Another advantage of outsourcing is that it creates flexibility for an enterprise. The cost savings achieve through outsourcing can be a critical success factor that keeps a particular company in business. In the auto industry companies often outsourced the production of auto parts. My sister was a victim of outsourcing because her company shut down operations in America to move to Asia. Answers.com (2011). Outsourcing. Retrieved February 13, 2011 from http://www.answers.com/topic/outsourcing 2. The supply chain management of an organization is a very important factor that can make or break a company. Supply chain management is the combination of art and science that goes into improving the way your company finds the raw components it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers (Wailgum, 2008). A company that in the 1990’s was able to separate itself from the competition due to its unique supply chain management techniques was Dell Corporation. Dell revolutionized the computer industry by becoming the first virtual computer company. The firm saved a lot of money in inventory costs by delivering turn-key computer products to its customers. A few years ago I worked for a company that changed its suppliers three times during a year due to the fact that none of the companies supplied raw materials would provide an adequate level of service. Wailgum, T. (2008). Supply Chain Management Definition and Solution. Retrieved February 13, 2011 from http://www.cio.com/article/40940/Supply_Chain_Management_Definition _and_Solutions 3. Outsourcing has gotten a bad reputation from many Americans who viewed outsourcing as an evil business strategy that is hurting the US economy by taking jobs oversee. The reality is that outsourcing is saving more jobs than what is taking away. If American companies did not utilize outsourcing on many occasions these firms would not be able to compete. Outsourcing provides companies with much needed savings. The savings achieved through outsourcing enables companies in America to keep their prices competitive. 4. Outsourcing has become a very popular concept that is gaining popularity across America. In 2010 the television broadcasting network NBC developed a parody series called Outsourcing. The series is a comedy that illustrates how American companies are moving their service operations to India in order to reduce costs. In the series only the manager is American, while the rest of the staff is composed of India workers. When I watched this series I sometimes as k myself how spread is the outsourcing movement in America. In the series the workers are highly competent salespeople that get the job done. 5. In a way outsourcing affects most businesses in America directly or indirectly. You mentioned that in your dentistry practice the business is affected by outsourcing from the material acquisition perspective. Many companies nowadays choose to buy parts and raw materials from China and India due to their lower costs. Purchasing materials from these countries enables American companies to be able to keep their prices low. Businesses are not the only ones looking for a bargain these days. The internet has allowed people to compare prices and find the lowest possible price on their purchases. 6. Your response was very insightful

Values and Meaning of Attending College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Values and Meaning of Attending College - Essay Example In contrast to an individualist purpose for attending college, Boyer believes the college has an obligation to teach â€Å"a more coherent view of knowledge and a more integrated life† (Steltenpohl & J. Shipton, 1995, p. 18). In addition, he warns that we must be â€Å"mindful of the consequences of selfishness† (p. 18). Boyer does not provide a defense of individualism, even though he says it is â€Å"necessary† (p. 18). Instead, Boyer relies only on his defense of community in making his case for two essential goals. The problem is that Boyer does not actually believe in individualism when he claims colleges have an obligation (or duty) to enforce this idea of a more â€Å"coherent† or â€Å"integrated† life. A perspective that believes in individuals to develop their own views on knowledge or life would advocate for an obligation or duty for colleges to present knowledge to students and to allow them to form their own judgments. The purpose, or g oal, of college is not to give students a passage, but rather to present facts and objective information. A â€Å"passage† sounds inherently biased toward whatever values the college seeks to supply their students with. While this kind of education—such as that provided by Christian private colleges—has a demand, but that demand is specific and does not represent the general purpose of college. Indeed, having students personally powered and committed to the common good is potentially valuable, but not if that commitment undermines their autonomy. The result of Boyer’s perspective is clearly laid out by Perkinson in his essay â€Å"The Educated Person: A Changing Ideal,† specifically in his treatment of John Dewey and socialization (Steltenpohl & J. Shipton, 1995, p. 36). Dewey and pragmatist philosophers advocated schools as tools for producing intelligent decision-makers in a participant democracy. In reality, what this meant was that loyal citize ns coming out of public schools were not â€Å"leaders, but functionaries† (p. 36). Everyone coming out of schools was equipped with common values, beliefs, and attitudes serving the American status quo. Economically, every child was prepared to accept his or her role as a cog in a production system. This is the logical result of the kind of solution that Boyer seeks by telling colleges that they have an obligation to teach their students how to be members of a community. However, Boyer and Dewey have been influential enough to change American education at their core. One can see this influence even in our Brandman catalog, which withholds degrees from students who have not completed the sometimes-irrelevant education requirements. The opposite perspective—that we ought to be honoring the role of the individual in education—is borne out by Whitehead in â€Å"Universities and their Function† (Steltenpohl & J. Shipton, 1995, p. 38). Whitehead locates the â €Å"proper function of a university† in â€Å"the imaginative acquisition of knowledge† (p. 39). Imagination is an individual ability and does not depend on a community. When one looks around a college classroom, one does not see a group of people engaged in the attempt to better their community through the process of learning. While Boyer would think this is a problem, Whitehead is more concerned with whether individuals are involved in an imaginative acquisition of knowledge. The imaginative pursuit of knowledge, one would suspect, might lead to an individual developing his own

Villagers remain upbeat despite tight cutbacks Essay Example for Free

Villagers remain upbeat despite tight cutbacks Essay Orange County – There was absolutely nothing left to do, 39 year-old Mr. Berger, an office clerk, decided to sell his latest model of LED television he just purchased the other year to a well-off friend, the economic crisis steeply increasing his weekly budget deficit. â€Å"I believe its the high spending we do everyday amid threats from financial meltdown thats taking its toll on us lately,† Mr. Berger said. It is no small irony that while unemployment rate has blown only 9. 5% of the population today against the 10% in the first quarter this year, the figure could not justify how some of the residents continue to lose their jobs. What may add insult to injury is the sharp decrease in prices of U. S. Imports from 0. 5 last month to 1. 3 today, outweighing the July 2009 1. 3% decline (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Mr. Berger is just part of the growing fraction of the figure promising to outnumber those working in a cozy office. Poking his way through a small, rough tenement just a few blocks from his house, he was looking for a viable job that could stand the present economic turmoil. The number of jobless persons for over 27 weeks remained at 6. 8 million, which covers 45. % of the total unemployed citizens all over the country while those who are working part-time involuntarily either because they could not find full-time employment or their working hours were reduced compose another 8. 6 million (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Taking advantage â€Å"I speculate some self-centered politicians are now using the economic crisis as their political tack to keep hold on power. The idea is simply that no single grou p is better equipped to release the plagues from Pandoras box and choke the very things it spawned than the most desperate gang in town. This time making itself the champion of economic crisis,† lamented Mr. Anderson. Mr. Anderson, 40, was forced to move his family to Mississippi and currently lives here on yet another mortgaged property, something he might lose again should the cutbacks realign sharply upward. It has a leaky roof, a clear sign the family is going through tough times. â€Å"I have no choice but to relocate again,† he said. History repeats itself The economy of the United States of America holds the highest rank in the world, its GDP being estimated to rich a nominal value of $14. 2 trillion last year. The US labor market has been attracting immigrants abroad and holds the largest number of migration rates streaming in. It has nested the biggest stock exchanges, thereby becoming one of the worlds most influential financial markets. But these facts did not prevent the history of the 1930s, the Great Depression, from repeating itself, this time with an equally forceful blow to different sectors. Fearing to see another Great Depression whipping the country, when the fangs of recession appeared to be a serious threat, the government sought many answers to solve economic problems. It took on a course of allowing consumers to spend more by exerting heavily itself or cutting taxes. It fostered rapid growth in the money supply, which also encouraged more spending. It can be recalled that economic woes brought on by the costs of the Vietnam conflict, major price increases, particularly for energy, created a strong fear of inflation. As a result, government put more concentration on controlling inflation than on combating recession by limiting spending and tightening credit. Economic crisis quickly creeps through different places, wherever financial stability gives its way, affecting a not so small portion of the population. The recession in the last two years might have been the worst since the Great Depression but there are no labor forecasts that have to do with the same fate employment suffered during those times. â€Å"Its a pain that we had to cut on our weekly budget and sacrifice our luxuries to prioritize our foremost needs. And were not alone on this, almost everyone in the neighborhood is feeling the effects of the crisis striking them,† Mrs. Cowell said. Mother to four, Mrs. Cowell, 41, had to stop sending Makky, her eldest, to school to give way to the others still studying in high school, an alarming scenario which led to an entirely different behavior acted by his eldest. This is just one of the fall-outs experienced by the family. Economists say the economy might start to flourish by third quarter of the year. However, quick make up of the employment rate may take place later by end of year, the setbacks having been too rough of late. Brian Fabbri, chief North American economist for BNP Paribas, said the efforts of the Obama administration to flood the economy with $800 billion and the buying up of credits along with shoring up of banks by the Federal Reserve may put an end to this. I believe the government can â€Å"I suspect Obama and some allies in Congress can prove themselves to be the powerhouse of stability in one of Americas most trying times, thus, preventing the country from sinking into the utter pits of despair. I hope he will do, having the public behind him,† Mr.  Gardner, 42, said optimistically. â€Å"I would love to see nothing else but a government eager to pluck us out of the groveling depths of global financial meltdown,† he added. Mr. Gardner recalled how he has constantly been a victim of economic failure. He and his soft-spoken wife, Kelly, lived in Ireland for more than a decade only to witness the dwindling economy which forced everybody to go out and look for a greener pasture. â€Å"We felt like nothing awaits us in there, no other choice but to leave Ireland,† he exclaimed. If only the government would take radical reforms and slash in its superfluous spending, perhaps in less than a year the economy would begin to grow again steadily. But if this would remain unmitigated for the next months, it probably may not just end up in burying this country to the pits of despair, it may also lead to bitter strife between the government and the labor force ,† Mr. Gardner foretold. Still upbeat â€Å"With the rate of pace our government is taking on, I guess we can all do pitching in behind someone fired up by the passion of saving his country by restoring economic stability,† Mrs.  Dolloy sh owed optimism. Though affected by the uneasiness associated with realigning home budgets and luxuries, Mrs. Dolloy continues to hold to what she has been hoping as a savior snail that would come someday in the form of stable economy, massive opening of full time jobs, and fairly low commodity prices. Today President Obama boasts that his country shows signs of getting back to its feet in just one year time after a major setback in the last two years.

What Is Science Communication?

What Is Science Communication? What is Science communication? Science communication generally refers to science related topics presented by the public media to public or non-scientists. Science communication is important, not just to keep a need for developing science, because some of the information is directly depends on science. Science pervades our society today. This is because most of our industries and much of our national prosperity depend on science (Bodmer report, 1985). We used everything or machinery related to science at home as well as at work. Science also affects our personal activities from health and diet to holidays and sports. So, it is important to show the reason everyone should have some understanding of science to improve this understanding. Science communication can also simply describe as the communication between scientists and non-scientists. The public gets information about science through engaging with science communicators and through mass media. Most commonly, the media like newspa pers, television, internet and magazines are the channels used to spread science to the public. The interaction between scientists, the public and also the media becoming very common due to the development of science. Now many of the new generation of student scientists are trained in communication skills so that they can communicate to the outside world (Besley and Tanner, 2010). About the role of scientists in public debate 2001, most of the scientists think that communicate their work and its social and ethical implication to the public is their responsibility. But, there also many scientists said they have no time to communicate their research to the public due to the requirement of their jobs nowadays. Most of the researchers said that constraint of time stopping them for engaging with the public and also the peer pressure as a gap to take part in public engagement (The royal society, 2006). Whereby, the specialist science communicators are suggested by scientists as the best group to communicate science to others. This is because they are equipped with all knowledge, skills or experiences in science which can help them communicate well. These can prevent from misrepresent. Scientists should attempt an effective assessment of potential effects for the public and also ensure the appropriate communication methods so that public not misunderstand and object the scientific works. The scientist was encouraged by the government, research funders and the public to explain and discuss their scientific work, to consider also the sense of the community for example the use of animals in the research (Engaging science, 2006). Scientists should involve themselves in public engagement in order to convince the public on their scientific research. In the recent past, many scientists think that they will lose their job if science became more popular (Gregory,J Miller,S, 1998). But now, most scientists think that it is important and essentials for public to know more about the science (The role of scientists in public debate, 2001). It is important to communicate science to public to stable their careers and to further their research. The public can have a better understanding of science and scientists do which enable them to judge the science issues and to make their own decisions on their lives through communicating (The role of scientists in public debate, 2001). So, what do scientists think about science communication? Some scientists say it is wasting their time and energy to communicate while some feel that science communication will bring to misunderstanding and misrepresenting of information. Where, clinical and biomedical scientists more likely to state misunderstanding and misrepresentation as their disadvantages to c ommunicate the science to the public (The role of scientists in public debate, 2001). But, the health research can be recognized as the work of outsiders and unaccountable to society if there is no engaging with the social, politic and cultural until the research had been implemented (Bangalore, 2009). However, many scientists state that there are no personal disadvantages. Most of the scientists think that communicate science to public bring many personal advantages instead of no benefits: Cash inducements In order to do a research, cash or money is the main premises. From the survey of the royal society in 2006, money was the main incentive to encourage scientists to communicate their findings to public. It doesnt matter the awards or prizes is given to departments or individuals. Attracting possible funding Most of the scientists will take science communication as a part for them to attract more organizations or funder on their research. As in the Pew research, the main obstacles to conduct the research is lack of funding. The vast majority of scientists, 87% stated it is the serious problem to continue their research. Personal satisfaction- By communicating, scientists will enjoy and feel happy to interact with non-scientists, younger public, women and also other colleagues. Most of the younger scientists take their personal satisfaction or enjoyment to communicate their work with the children. They felt satisfied watching the young public enjoy the scenes with them (Martin-Sempere et al, 2008). Make the name known- Scientists communicate their work in public because they are hoping their scientific work known by most of the people instead of only few other scientists. They also hope they can increase their chance of funding. The majority of senior researchers takes science communication as a way to make their name or work well known (Martin-Sempere et al, 2008). Career development Communicating can bring a positive impact to career. It is the way to prove ones skills, knowledge and experiences in the world and stable their career. The report on the role of scientists in public debate in 2001 stated that the majority of scientists using science communication as a useful way to advance their career, providing more opportunities for collaboration and job security. Get to know one scientists competitors By communicating, scientists and their competitors can have a closer contact. Its actually an effective way to interact with other scientists in different fields to improve their works or research which bring more benefits to the society. It may provide a better and details knowledge about them when competing for something like position or funds. Besides, competitors also can be a good partner in their career in the future. Keeping track and motivated By communicating, it is an essential way to keep track of the things we are doing. Its also one of the tools for a scientist to refer back to the different level of research and learn from our research process. Communicating along the way can also keep motivation going to help a scientist to move forward without giving up. Make a scientists research more meaningful- Communicating also a way to let scientists know their work and its benefits to the society. It can help the public know more about the scientific work that carry out by scientists and the purpose of the work in order to let the public know the importance of scientists to the world. Feedback Feedback is an important component in every field. By communicating it, the public becomes aware of the existence of projects and can give advice and suggestions, share experiences to improve the research. Scientists can improve their research and avoiding them from doing some things that will harm the public, society or even the world. Contribute to a positive image of science Through communicating, it is a way to document out all the expenses and also the work to all the people especially the government and the funders. Of this, all the funder or contributors will know and think it is valuable to invest either time or resources in science. So, the funder and contributors will keep supporting the science which indirectly help scientists to solve the issue of funding. In addition, it also helps to show out the scientific contribution to society. Become a better communicator Communication is a useful skills to help scientists to communicate or interact more with the outside world instead of just staying in the laboratory room keep doing their research. It is actually not fair for scientists because just of their duty or jobs make scientists lose their freedom or time to enjoy the colourful activities in this world. Through communicating, scientists can communicate clearly actively with the public to avoid them from discriminate from the world. In the Bodmer report, science communication is very important mainly to enhance the national prosperity in raising the publics quality and private-decision making and enriching the life of an individual. The public should have a better understanding of science to support or even to object the new technologies related to science. This is because there always have issues that appear to be largely scientific or technical brought to the major social and political implications. For example, drugs prescription, pollution, radioactive waste disposal and etc. Governments, a decision maker should prohibit the technologies that are harmful to human being and our earth. Besides, the public should know most of the new scientific method to improve their private life or daily life. For example, smoking, diet, vaccination, technologically based society, electronic gadget which all underlying on science. Public also need to understand the nature of risks and uncertainty of the scientific product bec ause most of the product brought to the balancing of risks. So, science communication is an important part to spread the knowledge of science to the public. In my opinion, there are no much changes of the opinion in the understanding of science between the time of Bodmer report and now. The main difference is the attitudes of scientists think about public engagement. At the time of Bodmer report, the majority of scientists do not take care of the science communication. They focus full attention on their research and do not want to communicate their scientific finding to public. Thats why one of the Bodmer reports conclusion state that scientists need to learn to communicate in public and also learn about media and take training in communication. In the last decade, the majority of scientists have no media, communications training or the training for public engagement (The royal society, 2006). Most of the scientist in-charge in communication and a lot of training had been done to the scientists nowadays. For example, most of the universities state the science communication as a compulsory subject for every science student. Such science c ommunication training is increasingly being offered to working scientists and also future scientists in universities and even at schools. Generally, courses, seminar and workshops are included in this type of communication training to help scientists to talk to public clearly (Besley and Tanner, 2010). Besides, the public attitudes to science and technology is not positive enough, they may become a negative anti science. Well, after the date of Bodmer report, the public is not the deficit models anymore. Generally, there has a different opinion throughout the scientific age. The senior scientists communicate science because of the sense of duty and also to make their name better known to public. While, younger scientists take science communication as their personal satisfaction and enjoyment instead as the way to get rewards or money (Martin-Sempere et al, 2008). In conclusion, scientists should take science communication as the need to educate the public instead of to listen, learn or debate as part of genuine dialogue. Scientists also have to take part in public engagement activities to arouse more information or methods in order to improve their research. Scientists should interact with the public sincerely and not look science communication as a tool for them to grab more individual benefits. This is because the main purpose that every research done by scientists is to make our life better and also to cure all the problems that harm to society and the world. So, no matter it is scientists, public or media, we need to look science communication positively.

Man’s Interaction with the Environment in Faulkner’s Go Down, Moses :: Faulkner’s Go Down Moses

Man’s Interaction with the Environment in Faulkner’s Go Down, Moses I found the short stories in Go Down, Moses to be long, boring, and hard to comprehend. As usual Faulkner writes his stories with no regard to punctuation. His run-on sentences are confusing and unnecessary. However, I did notice the theme of man and his interactions with the environment stressed throughout these stories. â€Å"Was† starts us off with ‘Uncle Ike’ McCaslin in his old age and tells the story of his elder cousin (and surrogate father) and his childhood with Uncle Buck and Uncle Buddy. I was not surprised to see the uncles reappear, as Faulkner loves to have characters make come-backs in numerous novels. Like its title, â€Å"Was† shows a past experience from McCaslin Edmonds’ childhood. The sentence structure in the beginning of the story confused me a bit. Faulkner uses no periods, choosing instead to start a new paragraph every time one sentence ends and the other begins (granted, these ‘sentences’ are basically paragraphs themselves!). Once the story about Edmonds’ past and the dialog start, Faulkner starts using periods again. Why would Faulkner set the story up like this? What is the significance of leaving out periods in the beginning of the narrative? Perhaps it is to signal that the narrator is speaking in present time, and on ce the periods are included, that signals that the event occurred in the past. This is a probable explanation, as we saw a similar structure in his other novels, including The Sound and the Fury, where italics were used to signal a change in narrative. Maybe the same thing is happening here. In â€Å"Pantaloon in Black† Faulkner seems to digress from the story of the McCaslin’s and focuses on a black man, Rider, who goes crazy with grief after his wife’s mysterious (to the reader) death, kills a white man he works with, and is executed. This story clearly illustrates the racial discrimination by whites. After the entire ordeal, the sheriff’s deputy tells his wife about the events and in the process allows us to see how racist he is. He compares blacks to a â€Å"damn herd of wild buffaloes† when it comes to having feelings (150). Also, when he describes Rider’s actions after his wife’s death, he says that the town â€Å"expected him to take the day off since even a nigger couldn’t want no better excuse for a holiday† cruelly suggesting that blacks are lazy and will use any excuse to have a day off of work (151).

Apple Inc. and Product Descriptions

Company name: Gilligan Inc. Goods: A. Ipad 1. The New Ipad * Model Number: A1403 (EMC 2499) 2. Ipad 2 * Model Number: A1397 (EMC 2424) 1. Product descriptions (The New Ipad) The iPad 3rd Generation (Wi-Fi/Cellular, CDMA – Verizon/A-GPS, A1403) which some may choose to refer to as the â€Å"iPad 3 is a tablet computer for the web, e-mail, photos, video, music, gaming and more. The iPad 3rd Gen line is significantly more powerful and the focus has shifted more substantially from consuming content to creating it. This specific iPad 3rd Gen model also supports 4G LTE connectivity (700 MHz).Battery life is reportedly 10 hours â€Å"surfing the web on Wi-Fi, watching video, or listening to music† and 9 hours surfing the web using cellular data. Price: $499. 00 2. Product descriptions and price (Ipad 2) Along with its Wi-Fi only and GSM-equipped contemporaries, the iPad 2 (Wi-Fi/CDMA/A-GPS) was proclaimed to be the start of a â€Å"post PC†. It is equipped with a 9. 7- inch (1024Ãâ€"768, 132 ppi) multi-touch â€Å"glossy† LED-backlit IPS display and runs a version of the same iOS operating system that powers the iPhone and iPod touch models.As a result it is compatible with thousands of iPad-specific apps as well as most apps for the iPhone/iPod touch, but not Mac OS X apps. Price: $399. 00. B. The IMac 3. MacBook Air * Model Number: A1466 (EMC 2559) 4. MacBook Pro * Model Number: A1286 (EMC 2556*) 5. Mac Mini * Model Number: A1347 (EMC 2442) 6. Mac pro * Model Number: A1289 (EMC 2314) 3. Product descriptions and price (Mac Book Air) The Apple MacBook Air â€Å"Core i7†³ 2. 0 13† features a 22-nm â€Å"Ivy Bridge† 2. GHz Intel â€Å"Core i7† processor (3667U) with two independent processor â€Å"cores† on a single chip, a 3 MB shared level 3 cache, 4 GB of onboard 1600 MHz DDR3L SDRAM, 256 GB of flash storage, and an â€Å"integrated† Intel HD Graphics 4000 graphics processor that shares system memor y. This all is packed in a razor thin (0. 11-0. 68 inch), 2. 96 pound, aluminum case with an integrated 720p â€Å"Face Time HD† webcam, a backlit full-size keyboard and a 13. 3†³ widescreen TFT LED backlit active-matrix â€Å"glossy† display (1440Ãâ€"900 native resolution).Connectivity includes 802. 11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4. 0, analog audio out, a â€Å"Thunderbolt† port, two USB 3. 0 ports, and an SDXC-capable SD card slot. Price: 11 inch $999 and 13 inch from 1199. 00 4. Product descriptions and price (MacBook Pro) The MacBook Pro â€Å"Core i7† 2. 7 15-Inch technically is a configuration of the MacBook Pro â€Å"Core i7† 2. 6 15-Inch, but also is documented as a separate model for reader convenience. Other than processor, these two models are identical.The MacBook Pro with four independent processor cores on a single silicon chip, an 8 MB shared level 3 cache, 8 GB of 1600 MHz DDR3L SDRAM (PC3-12800) installed in pairs (two 4 GB modul es), a 750 GB Serial ATA (5400 RPM) hard drive, an 8X DL â€Å"SuperDrive†, dual graphics processors a NVIDIA GeForce GT 650M with 1 GB of dedicated GDDR5 memory and an â€Å"integrated† Intel HD Graphics 4000 graphics processor that shares system memory, as well as an integrated 720p Face Time HD webcam. Price: 13 inch from 1,900. 00, 15 inch from 1,799. 00 5. Product descriptions and price (Mac Mini)The Apple Mac mini Core i5 2. 5 features a 32-nm Sandy Bridge 2. 5 GHz Intel â€Å"Core i5† (2520M) processor with two independent processor â€Å"cores† on a single chip, a 3 MB shared level 3 cache, 4 GB of 1333 MHz DDR3 SDRAM (PC3-10600) memory, a 500 GB hard drive, and AMD Radeon HD 6630M graphics with 256 MB of dedicated GDDR5 memory. Connectivity includes a Fire wire â€Å"800† port, four USB 2. 0 ports, combined â€Å"audio line in (digital/analog)† and combined â€Å"audio line out/headphone (digital/analog)† minijacks, a 10/100/ 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet port, 802. 11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth 4. , an SDXC card slot and an HDMI port as well as a new â€Å"Thunderbolt† port that is backwards compatible with Mini DisplayPort and likewise supports an external display at 2560Ãâ€"1600 and passes an audio signal as well. Thunderbolt also supports other peripherals that use the Thunderbolt standard which provides up to 10 Gbps of bandwidth in both directions. Price: $599. 00 6. Product descriptions and price (Mac Pro) The Mac Pro â€Å"Twelve Core† 3. 06 Server is powered by two 3. 06 GHz Six Core 32-nm Xeon X5675 processors with a dedicated 256k of level 2 cache for each core and 12 MB of â€Å"fully shared† level 3 cache per processor.By default, it is configured with 8 GB of 1333 MHz DDR3 ECC SDRAM, two 1 TB (7200 RPM, 32 MB cache) 3Gb/s Serial ATA hard drives, an 18X dual-layer â€Å"SuperDrive† and an ATI Radeon HD 5770 graphics card with 1 GB of GDDR5 memory. Expansion includ es two external 5. 25†³ â€Å"optical† bays, four internal 3. 5†³ â€Å"cable-free, direct attach† hard drive bays (three free by default), and four 2. 0 slots. Ports include five USB 2. 0 ports, four Fire wire â€Å"800† ports, dual Gigabit Ethernet, two Mini DisplayPort and a dual-link DVI port, among others. AirPort Extreme (802. 11a/b/g/n) and Bluetooth 2. 1+EDR are standard. Price: $1,199 c. IPod 7. IPod Shuffle Model Number: A1204 (EMC 2125) 8. IPod Nano * Model Number: A1446 (EMC Pending) 9. IPod touch * Model Number: A1421 10. IPod Classic * Model Number: A1238 (EMC 2173) 11. Apple TV * Model Number: A1427 (EMC 2528) 7. Product descriptions and price (IPod Shuffle) The iPod shuffle 4th Generation models are identical to the previous iPod shuffle 4th Generation models, except for color options and operating system support. Like its predecessor, it has both â€Å"clickable ring buttons† for navigation as well as a Voiceover button on top. The Voiceover functionality reads the name of songs, artists and playlists as well as â€Å"Genius Mixes† out loud.The housing is available in eight colors dark gray slate and silver as well as purple, pink, yellow, green, blue, and red, which have white control rings. Regardless of color, all models have 2 GB of internal storage capable of holding approximately 500 songs. Apple estimates â€Å"up to† 15 hours of battery life. Price: $49. 00 8. Product descriptions and price (IPod Nano) The iPod Nano features a 2. 5†³ color TFT display and 16 GB of flash storage in an aluminum housing offered in eight colors — dark gray â€Å"slate,† silver, purple, pink, yellow, green, blue, and red — ith either a black or white glass front (black for the slate configuration and white for the others).It resembles a â€Å"mini iPod touch† and likewise has a â€Å"home† button; supports a multi-touch interface, and runs an iOS-inspired operating s ystem but it cannot run iOS applications. Other features include H. 264 video playback support (720Ãâ€"576), Bluetooth 4. 0 for use with Bluetooth-enabled headphones, speakers, and compatible car stereos, an integrated pedometer, and FM radio with live pause functionality as well as Nike iPod, Voiceover, and â€Å"Shake to Shuffle† support.It does not have a microphone, speaker, or camera. The 16 GB of flash memory is capable of holding roughly 4000 songs or 14,000 photos, respectively, and Apple estimates that battery life is â€Å"up to† 30 hours of music playback or 3. 5 hours of video playback when fully charged. Price: $149. 00 9. Product descriptions and price (IPod touch) The iPod touch (5th Gen) has a 4 diagonal widescreen multi-touch IPS retina display with a 1136Ãâ€"640 native resolution 326 ppi, dual cameras a 5 megapixel rear iSight camera with LED flash that can shoot 1080p video and a front-facing 1. megapixel Face Time HD 720p camera and support for Bl uetooth 4. 0, 802. 11n Wi-Fi both the 2. 4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies, Siri, and Airplay in addition to the expected music, photo, video playback, and iOS app functionality. It is also is powered by a dual-core A5 processor, likely has 512 MB of RAM and has 32 GB or 64 GB of flash storage. Battery life is an Apple-estimated 40 hours of music playback and 8 hours of video playback. Price: $ 299. 00 10. Product descriptions and price (IPod Classic)The Apple iPod classic was equipped with a 120 GB 4200 RPM ATA-66 hard drive capable of supporting up to 30,000 songs in 128-Kbps AAC format or up to 150 hours of video. Apple upgraded the hard drive to 160 GB increasing the capacity to 40,000 songs or 200 hours of video and adding support for â€Å"Genius Mixes† via a software patch on September 28, 2009, but it otherwise essentially is identical (some refer to this configuration as the â€Å"3rd Generation† iPod classic or the 8th Generation iPod).However, the iPod classic mod els do offer modestly improved battery life compared to the â€Å"original† 80 GB model that was replaced — 36 hours of music and 6 hours of video (the previous â€Å"original† 160 GB model provided greater battery life, 40 hours of music and 7 hours of video). Price: $249 11. Product descriptions and price (Apple TV) Apple TV makes it easy to rent or purchase movies and TV shows from Apple as well as stream or mirror movies, shows, photos and other content from an iPod, iPhone or iPad as well as from a Mac or PC. It has built-in support for I Cloud, Netflix, YouTube and Flickr along with other services.It is powered by a single core 32 nm Apple A5 processor and runs a variant of the iOS that powers the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad models, although it does not formally run the iOS and cannot run iOS applications either. Connectivity includes HDMI, optical audio, 10/100Base-T Ethernet, and a single Micro-USB port â€Å"for service and diagnostics† (and hack ing) as well as 802. 11a/b/g/n wireless networking. Price: $99. 00 C. Iphone 12. Iphone 4 * Model Number: A1349 (EMC 2422) 13. Iphone 4S * Model Number: A1387 (EMC 2430) 14. Iphone 5 * Model Number: A1249 (EMC 2610*) 12. Product descriptions and price (Iphone 4)It has dual cameras a 5 megapixel HD video/still camera (720p at 30 FPS) with a backside illuminated sensor, a 5X digital zoom, and an LED flash on the rear and a VGA quality video/still camera on the front designed for video conferencing over a Wi-Fi network with Apple's included â€Å"Face Time† application. It has dual noise-cancelling microphones also. It is powered by an â€Å"Apple A4† processor of unspecified speed, has 512 MB of RAM, and has 8 GB, 16 GB, or 32 GB of internal storage (8 GB configuration introduced October 4, 2011). Network support includes UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA (850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz) and GSM/EDGE (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz). 02. 11g/n and Bluetooth 2. 1+EDR are supported as well. Price: $45 0. 00 13.Product descriptions and price (Iphone 4S) The iPhone 4S also has dual cameras an 8 megapixel HD video/still camera (1080p at 30 FPS) with a backside illuminated sensor, and an LED flash on the rear and a VGA quality video/still camera on the front designed for video conferencing over a Wi-Fi network with Apple's included â€Å"Face Time† application. It is powered by a dual-core â€Å"Apple A5† processor, has 512 MB of RAM, and has 16 GB, 32 GB, or 64 GB of internal storage. he iPhone 4S provides â€Å"up to† 40 hours of audio playback, 14 hours of talk time on 2G, 8 hours of talk time on 3G, 6 hours of Internet use on 3G, 9 hours of Internet use on Wi-Fi, 10 hours of video playback and 200 hours of standby time. Price: $599. 00 14. Product descriptions and price (Iphone 5)The iPhone 5 models, regardless of network compatibility, have a 4†³ diagonal widescreen multi-touch IPS LED-backlit 1136Ãâ€"640 native resolution (326 ppi) â€Å"retina displ ay,† dual cameras a rear 8 megapixel, 1080p iSight camera and a front 1. megapixel, 720p Face Time HD camera, and 4G/LTE support, all packed in an aluminum body case with a glass front that is a mere 0. 30 of an inch thick. The iPhone 5 is powered by a 1. 3 GHz dual core Apple A6 processor, has 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB, 32 GB, or 64 GB of flash storage. It also supports both 2. 4 GHz and 5 GHz 802. 11n Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4. 0 as well as packs three noise canceling microphones, a bottom-mounted headphone jack, and a new USB 2. 0-based Lightning port for connectivity.Apple estimates that the iPhone 5 models provide â€Å"up to† 40 hours of audio playback, 8 hours of talk time on 3G, 8 hours of Internet use on 3G, 8 hours of Internet use on 4G/LTE, 10 hours of Internet use on Wi-Fi, 10 hours of video playback and 225 hours of standby time. Price: $699. 00 Services: 1. Mac App Store The Mac App Store is a digital distribution platform for Mac OS X applications. It is develope d by Apple Inc. The platform was announced on October 20, 2010, at Apple's â€Å"Back to the Mac† event. Apple began accepting app submissions from registered developers on November 3, 2010 in preparation for its launch. . iOS App StoreThe Apple App Store is a digital application distribution platform for iOS developed and maintained by Apple Inc. The service allows users to browse and download applications from the iTunes Store that were developed with the iOS SDK published through Apple Inc. Depending on the application, they are available either for free or at a cost. The applications can be downloaded directly to a target device, or downloaded onto a personal computer or Macintosh via iTunes. 30 percent of revenue from the store goes to Apple, and 70 percent goes to the producer of the app. 3. iBooksThe iBook store is an ePub content sales and delivery system that delivers e-books to any iOS device) running iOS 4. x – 6. x. The iBooks shelf turns around to reveal t he iBook store. From here users can purchase various books from Apple. IBooks can sync between devices, so one could start reading a book on one device and continue from where one left-off on another. 4. iCloud iCloud service allows users to store data such as music and iOS applications on remote computer servers for download to multiple devices such as iOS-based devices running iOS 5 or later, and personal computers running OS X 10. 7. 2 Lion or later, or Microsoft Windows.It also replaces Apple's Mobile Me service, acting as a data syncing center for email, contacts, calendars, bookmarks, notes, iWork documents, and other data. The service also allows users to wirelessly back-up their iOS devices to iCloud instead manually doing so using iTunes. 5. ITunes The iTunes Store is a software-based online digital media store operated by Apple Inc. as the iTunes Music Store, and has been the most popular music vendor in the United States since April 2008, and the most popular music vendor in the world since February 24, 2010. It now offers over 28 million songs, videos and apps.The iTunes store had sold 16 billion songs. List of Employees 1. Aaron Smith Address: 24 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0A3 Salary: $200,000 Position title: CEO (Store Manager) 2. Abbey Brown Address: 2202 Kipling Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M9W 3Z9 Salary: $150,000 Position title: (Chief Financial Officer) 3. Adeline Wilson Address: 1001 Whiskey Cove Road, Ocean Falls, BC V0T 1P0 Salary: $120,000 Position title: Chief Communication Specialist 4. Adam Patel Address: Via Miguel de Cervantes, 138, 85050-Brienza PZ Salary: $100,000 Position title: Marketing Consultant 5. Addison Martin Address: 2547 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M4W 1J7Salary: $100,000 Position title: Human Resources Advisor 6. Adolph Taylor Address: 2032 Robson St, Vancouver, BC V6B 3K9 Salary: $100,000 Position title: Legal Advisor 7. Aidan Campbell Address: 3967 Boulevard Ste-Genevieve, Chicoutimi, QC G7G 2S4 Salary: $60,000 Position t itle: Sales Rep. 1 8. Angelina Thompson Address: 3269 5th Avenue, Donnelly, AB T0H 1G0 Salary: $60,000 Position title: Sales Rep 2 9. Anthony jones Address: 4903 Manitoba Street, Brace Bridge, ON P1L 2B7 Salary: $60,000 Position title: Customer representative 10. Ross C. Bailey Address: 2280 Gordon Street, San Bernardino, CA 92401Salary: $60,000 Position title: Customer representative 2 Citations â€Å"Apple Support Communities. † How to Tell Which Version of Ipad I†¦ :. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"How to Identify IMac Models. † How to Identify IMac Models. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"IPod Shuffle 3rd Gen 4 GB Specs (iPod Shuffle 3rd Gen, MB867LL/A*, A1271, 2262) @ EveryiPod. com. † IPod Shuffle 3rd Gen 4 GB Specs (iPod Shuffle 3rd Gen, MB867LL/A*, A1271, 2262) @ EveryiPod. com. N. p. , n. d. Web.

Moral Law Vs Natural Law In The Scarlet Letter Essay

Moral Law Vs. Natural Law â€Å"At the dramatic center of The Scarlet Letter is the idea of the awesomeness and inescapability of the Moral Law, to which all else is finally submitted,† (Levy 384). Assuming that Hawthorne wrote The Scarlet Letter exploring the relationship between Moral law and Natural law, he chooses the moral laws to be absolute. Using definitions of nature and character provided by Seymour Katz applied to the terms natural law and moral law allow an extension of Leo Levy’s claim that Moral laws are supreme. Moral law is an internalization of normalizing aspects of society it, â€Å"is acquired in time through nurture, education, and social experience. The older the individual the more fixed and stable is his character, and the less likely he is to act outside of the principles of his society or his role,† (Katz 5). The natural law is being in a condition where society cannot impose any rules or laws, â€Å"It is undirected impulse or potential energy which the individual will expend and express in various ways in the course of his life,† (4). By applying the definitions of natural law and moral law to the way Hawthorne reveals the truth in the novel and to the development of the character Pearl, Hawthorne proves that moral law is the dominant form of law in The Scarlet Letter. In the forest natural laws should be supreme. Here, the black man or devil makes his home, Mistress Hibbons goes to perform her witchcraft, and Hester and Dimmesdale commit their adultery (Hawthorne 144-145). Moral law forbids each of these three things. Only in the forest, a place where moral law does not apply, can any of these things happen. From a very early age people are taught by the moral laws that the forest contains evil. â€Å"But she fancied me asleep when she was talking of it. She said that a thousand and a thousand people had met him here, and had written in his book, and have his mark on them. And that ugly-tempered lady, Old Mistress Hibbons, was one. And, mother, the old dame said that this scarlet letter was the Black Man’s mark on thee, and that it glows like a red flame when thou meetest him at midnight, here in the dark wood.† (126) Pearl, at the age of seven, already understands the forest contains evil. This normalizing aspect of moral law teaches the society that the representation of natural  law, the forest, is evil. Thus, the moral laws quickly gain an advantage over the natural, before an individual is old enough to form their own opinion on the matter. Another way the moral law proves to be supreme is when examining another theme in the text, hypocrisy. The hypocrisy is so wide spread, even the Reverend Dimmesdale, introduced possessing an, â€Å"eloquence and religious fervor [having] already given the earnest of high eminence in his profession,† (48). This quality combined with a, â€Å"dewy purity of thought, which, as many people said, affected them like the speech of an angel,† (48) caused Dimmesdale to be perceived as a model of purity and godliness for his congregation despite committing a sin incomprehensible to them. Even after his confession his society does not believe the truth that Dimmesdale committed adultery. This shows how strong the character of Dimmesdale is imagined to be by his people. Because the truth is often obscured by hypocrisy, where the truth is found there will be a very strong reflection on the relationship between moral law, and natural law. In the forest, when Pearl asks Hester what the scarlet letter means and why she wears it, Hester lies to her child for the first time. â€Å"What does the letter mean, mother? -and why dost thou wear it?†Ã‚ ¦.And as for the scarlet letter, I wear it for the sake of its gold thread! In all the seven bygone years, Hester Prynne had never before been false to the symbol on her bosom,† (123). Hester lies to her child for the first time while they are in the forest because she is taught to be ashamed of her sin by the moral laws. These laws have a far-reaching power; their effect is felt even in the forest, the idealization of natural law. The truth about Chillingworth’s character reveals itself at the strongpoint of moral laws, the scaffold. This device serves as the deterrent for criminals where they are displayed for the public’s entertainment. â€Å"In fact, this scaffold constituted a portion of the penal machine†Ã‚ ¦but was held, in the old time, to be as effectual an agent in the promotion of good citizenship, as ever was the guillotine among the terrorists of France†, (41). The scaffold punishes people for crimes committed violating the moral  laws by exposing the perpetrator to public ignominy. The true nature of Chillingworth’s character is revealed while Dimmesdale, Hester, and Pearl are performing a midnight vigil on the scaffold. â€Å"To his features, as to all other objects the meteoric light imparted a new expression; or it might well be that the physician was not careful then, as at all other times, to hide the malevolence with which he looked upon his victim†, (107). This revelation occurs at the pinnacle of the puritan penal system, the enforcing agent of all moral laws. Even though the â€Å"meteoric light† might be interpreted as an act of nature, this is not the case. It comes from the heavens where the puritan society acquires the religious justification to carry out their laws. Thus the moral law is responsible for providing the truth to the reader in this instance. Another symbol coming from the forest are the Indians. They live in the forest and only periodically come under the jurisdiction of moral laws by entering a city or town. Because of this their actions and ideas can be interpreted to represent the position of natural law. In the instance when they interpret the meaning of the scarlet letter during the election day sermon their interpretation that, â€Å"the wearer of this brilliantly embroidered badge must needs be a personage of high dignity among her people†, (167) is the exact opposite of what the symbol was originally intended to mean. The symbol for nature in this case considers the scarlet letter a boon. In contrast, the scarlet letter was originally intended to be a punishment having the â€Å"effect of a spell, taking her out of ordinary relations with humanity, and inclosing her in a sphere by herself†. (40) This was the original function, which the moral law dictated the letter should serve. Although the letter comes to symbolize many different things throughout the text, the only one, which is relevant to examine, is the one it was intended for. Because the moral and natural laws dictate different meaning upon the scarlet letter, one positive and one negative, which one is actually the dominant meaning? The negative meaning is the dominant one; this is because the letter serves its original purpose separating Hester from her society. She lived in a house on the outskirts of the town, not in it and whenever she was in public her fellow citizens would form circles around her. The letter is a negative symbol throughout every part of the  novel barring the conclusion, and because of this the moral laws succeeded in imposing their meaning upon the letter. Another conflict between moral and natural comes in the upbringing of Pearl, Hester’s daughter. She is similar to a wild spirit and is ostracized from society similar to Hester. â€Å"Pearl was a born outcast of the infantile world. An imp of evil, emblem and product of sin, she had no right among christened infants†, (65). She was never part of her society, failing to adhere to moral laws. As a child, she had no conception of the moral laws and acted accordingly. â€Å"‘The little baggage hath witchcraft in her, I profess’, said [Mr. Wilson] to Mr. Dimmesdale. â€Å"ËÅ"She needs no old woman’s broomstick to fly withal.'† (80). In addition to the fact that the upright citizen Mr. Wilson compares Pearl to a witch, she did not understand her religion stating, â€Å"‘He did not send me!’ cried she, positively. â€Å"I have no Heavenly Father!'† (68). By not understanding religion she was not abiding by the moral laws. While still a child Pearl is unaffected by the moral laws but as she grows older she begins to adhere to them. By the end of the novel she is entirely assimilated into the moral culture. She had taken a husband and was living a typical life in Europe (177). By taking a husband she is adhering to the moral laws. While she began her life following the natural laws they eventually were overpowered by the pervasiveness of the moral. The moral laws are so powerful she could not resist their influence. Another assertion of the power of the moral laws in relation to Pearl occurs during the forest scene spanning chapters sixteen through nineteen. Here: Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl meet for the first time after the scaffold scene. During these chapters Hester takes off her scarlet letter to prove to Dimmesdale that they can be free of the present situation if they go somewhere else in the world (137). Once Pearl sees her mother without the letter she immediately does not recognize her and becomes scared. â€Å"‘I see what ails the child,’ whispered Hester to the clergyman, and turning pale in spite of a strong effort to conceal her trouble and annoyance. â€Å"ËÅ"Children will not abide any, the slightest, change in the accustomed aspect of things that are daily before their eyes. Pearl misses something  which she has always seen me wear!'† (142) Even in the forest where natural laws reign, Pearl will not approach her mother without Hester wearing the scarlet letter, the symbol the moral laws imposed upon her. The moral laws extend far beyond the edges of towns and cities expanding even into the forest. Hawthorne rejects natural laws by asserting the dominant position and influence of the moral laws. By noticing when and how Hawthorne offers the truth to the reader such as when Hester lied to Pearl in the forest setting or when Chillingworth’s character is revealed under the scrutiny of heavenly light, the moral laws are dominant. Even the chief symbol of the book, the scarlet letter, has a meaning imposed solely by the moral laws. Another character originally having a natural tendency, Pearl, loses that tendency by the end of the novel. In all of these instances the moral laws prove that they are stronger and more pervasive than the natural laws. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. USA: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1988 Katz, Seymour. â€Å"†Ã‹Å"Character,’ â€Å"ËÅ"Nature,’ and Allegory in The Scarlet Letter† Rept. in Nineteenth Century Fiction. Ed. Blake Nevius. Vol. 23 #1. USA: University of California Press, June 1968. 3-17. Levy, Leo. â€Å"The Landscape Modes of The Scarlet Letter† Rept. in Nineteenth Century Fiction. Ed. Blake Nevius. Vol. 23 #4. USA: University of California Press, March 1969. 377-392.